17 - ISOQUINOLINES; MONOTERPENOID ISOQUINOLINES

Question 1

MONOTERPENOID ISOQUINOLINES; MONO TERPENOID BIS- ISOQUINOLINES ALKALODS BIOGENESIS

Answer 1

They are derived from the comdensadion of dopamine with a secoiridois, secologanin

Question 2

MONOTERPENOID ISOQUINOLINES; MONO TERPENOID BIS- ISOQUINOLINES ALKALOIDS CONTAINING DRUGS

Answer 2

Ipecuanha, Ipecac.
Root and rhizome of Cephaelis ipecacuanha.

Cephaelis acuminata.

A mixture of both species is also permissible. It should contain a minimum of 2% of ehter-soluble alkaloids.

Question 3

MONOTERPENOID ISOQUINOLINES; MONO TERPENOID BIS- ISOQUINOLINES ALKALOIDS CONTAINING DRUGS. Main alkaloids.

Answer 3

Ipecuanha, Ipecac.
Root and rhizome of Cephaelis ipecacuanha.

Cephaelis acuminata.

MAIN ALKALOIDS;
R= H Cepheline (phenolic)
R= CH3 Emetine (no phenolic

Question 4

MONOTERPENOID ISOQUINOLINES; MONO TERPENOID BIS- ISOQUINOLINES ALKALOIDS CONTAINING DRUGS. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION; IPECAC

Answer 4

Extracts of Ipecac are taken orally in low doses. Ipecacuanha is used as an expectorant
and emetic and in the treatment of amoebic dysentery.

Question 5

MONOTERPENOID ISOQUINOLINES; MONO TERPENOID BIS- ISOQUINOLINES ALKALOIDS CONTAINING DRUGS. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION; EMETINE AND CEPHALINE

Answer 5

Emetine: antiamoebic, destroys tissue forms of Entamoeba hystolitica.
Emetine has a more expectorant and less emetic action than cephaeline.
Emetine and cephaeline are both potent inhibitors of protein synthesis. They display
antitumor and antiviral activities, but are too toxic for therapeutic use.

Question 6

MONOTERPENOID ISOQUINOLINES; MONO TERPENOID BIS- ISOQUINOLINES ALKALOIDS CONTAINING DRUGS. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION; DEHYDROEMETINE (USES)

Answer 6

The use of dehydroemetine obtained by synthesis is
preferable (lower accumulation) in case of acute
intestinal amebiasis, serious colic, hepatic
amebiasis, etc.

Destruction of trophozoites, not of cysts.

Question 7

MONOTERPENOID ISOQUINOLINES; MONO TERPENOID BIS- ISOQUINOLINES ALKALOIDS CONTAINING DRUGS. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION; DEHYDROEMETINE (ADVERSE EFFECTS)

Answer 7

Accumulation in liver, kidney and lung.
Adverse reactions;
The main side effects (depends on the duration of treatment)
are gastrointestinal (nausea, diarrhea), cardiovascular
symptoms (hypotension, arrhythmia) and neuromuscular
problems (muscle weakness). It is recommended not to be
used for more than 10 days. Indicated when the
nitroimidazoles are ineffective or are contraindicated.