1.7 Governance and Natural Disasters

Question 1

what is the LIC, NEE and HIC for contrasting countries?

Answer 1

LIC - Haiti - 2010
NEE - Sichuan 2008
HIC - Japan 2011

Question 2

which country had the highest magnitude earthquake? (contrasting countries)

Answer 2

Japan 2011
magnitude 9.0

Question 3

which country had the most deaths? (contrasting countries)

Answer 3

Haiti 2010
316,000 deaths

Question 4

which country experienced the highest cost? (contrasting countries)

Answer 4

Japan 2011
$240 billion

Question 5

what was the magnitude of the Haiti 2010 earthquake?

Answer 5

7.0

Question 6

what was the focal depth of the 2010 Haiti earthquake?

Answer 6

13km

Question 7

where was the epicentre of the 2010 Haiti earthquake?

Answer 7

24km from the capital

Question 8

why did the 2010 Haiti earthquake become a disaster?
(7 points)

Answer 8

very poor country
very corrupt government
lack of building regulations
dense population
poor access - roads and port were damaged
lack of preparedness
Nepalese aid workers brought cholera over causing a 6 year outbreak causing further deaths

Question 9

what was the recovery of the 2010 Haiti earthquake like?
(5 points)

Answer 9

still recovering in 2023
$13 billion aid donated
NGOs were needed
people refused to donate because of corruption
80,000 people still in temporary housing in 2015

Question 9

what improvements were made after the 2010 Haiti earthquake?
(3 points)

Answer 9

new roads, schools and buildings
increased life expectancy
stronger governance - 2013 hurricane warnings

Question 10

what was the magnitude of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake?

Answer 10

7.9

Question 11

how many deaths were as a result of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake?

Answer 11

87,150

Question 12

how was the Sichuan earthquake similar to the Haiti earthquake?
(3 points)

Answer 12

expensive
corrupt governance
building regulations were ignored

Question 13

how did the 2008 Sichuan earthquake differ to the 2010 Haiti earthquake?
(6 points)

Answer 13

rural location so less deaths
wealthier country so didn’t rely on international aid
13,000 soldiers and aid workers deployed
medical services were restored immediately
people at risk from landslides were relocated
temporary homes, bridges and roads built in under 2 weeks

Question 14

what was the recovery like after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake?
(3 points)

Answer 14

97% reconstruction had started within 2 years
99% farmhouses were rebuilt 2 years after
216 transport projects were under construction

Question 15

what was the magnitude of the 2011 Japan earthquake?

Answer 15

9.0

Question 16

what did the 2011 Japan earthquake trigger?

Answer 16

10m high tsunami

Question 17

what was a cause of major concern after the Japan 2011 earthquake?

Answer 17

severe damage to the Fukushima nuclear power station
–> 47,000 people evacuated
–> 20km exclusion zone still existed in 2018

Question 18

how many deaths were as a result of the 2011 Japan earthquake?

Answer 18

19,000

Question 19

how was Japan prepared for the 2011 earthquake?
(8 points)

Answer 19

strict building regulations enforced
strong governance - no corruption
earthquake education - September 1st
well developed disaster plans
10m high tsunami wall
marked out evacuation routes
emergency aid kits were distributed out
early warning system gave a 60 second warning

Question 20

how did the 2011 Japan earthquake impact Japan’s energy?
(4 points)

Answer 20

all 44 nuclear power stations were closed
now fossil fuels are imported
electricity prices rose by 20%
Germany closed all of their nuclear power stations

Question 21

what does the par model show?

Answer 21

root causes, dynamic pressures and unsafe pressures linked with the natural hazard influence the level of disaster