1.7 Given a scenario, use appropriate IPv4 network addressing.

Question 1

Private IP Address ranges

Answer 1

• This allows more public IP addresses
• Huge private IP address ranges
• Private IP addresses are not internet-routable

Question 2

What is APIPA?

Answer 2

• (Automatic Private IP Addressing) this means that a link-local address can only communicate to other local devices (no forwarding by other routers)
• IETF has reserved 169.254.01 through 169.254.255.254 (first and last 256 addresses are reserved)
• Uses ARP to automatically assign (ensure address is not currently in use)

Question 3

What is RFC1918?

Answer 3

(Request for Comment) is a standard that defines the ranges of IP addresses that we use on our network.

Question 4

What is a loopback/localhost?

Answer 4

• It is an address to yourself
• It ranges from 127.0.0.1 through 127.255.255.254
• It is an easy way to self-reference (ping 127.0.0.1).

Question 5

What is a VLSM?

Answer 5

Variable Length Subnet Mask;

Question 6

What is CIDR?

Answer 6

• (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) created around 1993 and removed the restrictions created by classful subnet masks
• denoted by the “/”
• Some OSs are expecting decimal masks & some are expecting CIDR notation marks.

Question 7

Explain IPv4 Address Class A.

Answer 7

• Leading bits range from (0-127)
• 8 Network bits
• 24 remaining bits
• 128 Networks available
• 16,777,214 Hosts per network
• 255.0.0.0 is default subnet mask

Question 8

Explain IPv4 Address Class B.

Answer 8

• Leading bits range from (128-191)
• 16 Network bits
• 16 remaining bits
• 16,384 Networks available
• 65,534 Hosts per network
• 255.255.0.0 is default subnet mask

Question 9

Explain IPv4 Address Class C.

Answer 9

• Leading bits range from (192-223)
• 24 Network bits
• 8 remaining bits
• 2,097,152 Networks available
• 254 Hosts per network
• 255.255.255.0 is default subnet mask

Question 10

Explain IPv4 Address Class D.

Answer 10

• Also referred to as “multicast”
• Leading bits range from (224-239)
• all other parts are “not defined”

Question 11

Explain IPv4 Address Class E.

Answer 11

• “Reserved Addresses” that have been set aside for future use or testing.
• Leading bits range from (240-255)
• 240.0.0.1 through 254.255.255.254.

Question 12

What is the subnet mask?

Answer 12

• Used by the local device to determine what subnet it’s on.
• It typically isn’t transmitted across the network.

Question 13

What is the default gateway?

Answer 13

• The router that allows you communicate outside of your local subnet.
• It must be an IP address on the local subnet.

Question 14

What is a VIP?

Answer 14

• Virtual IP Address not associated with a physical network adapter
• You might assign this to a virtual machine.

Question 15

True or False: 8 bits, 1 byte, and 1 octet all represent the same thing.

Answer 15

True: 8 bits = 1 byte = 1 octet for IPv4

Question 16

What protocol helped change the IPv4 configuration from a manual process to an automatic process?

Answer 16

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Question 17

What protocol makes sure your APIPA address isn’t not already assigned and currently in use?

Answer 17

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Question 18

If your computer has been assigned a private IP address (that is not technically routable over the internet, then how are you able to watch this (Professor Messer video)?

Answer 18

Network Address Translation (NAT) converts private IP addresses into public IP addresses

Question 19

Classful Subnetting

Answer 19

Very specific subnetting architecture that has not been used since 1993.

Question 20

What are the major parts needed to construct a subnet?

Answer 20

1) Network address: the first IP address of a subnet (set all the host bits to 0)
2) First usable host address (typically one number higher than the network address)
3) Network broadcast address: the last IP address of a subnet (set all host bits to 1)
4) Last usable host address: one number lower than the broadcast address.