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(NET+) 1.0 Network Fundamentals > 1.1 Explain concepts related to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model. > Flashcards

1.1 Explain concepts related to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model. Flashcards

1
Q

What is Transport Control Protocol (TCP)?

A

A connection-oriented protocol good for File Transfer, Email, Web Page request. Uses a three-way handshake each time (SYN, SYN ACK, & ACK)

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2
Q

What is User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A

A connection-less protocol with no guarantee of delivery; has speed advantage; good for audio/video streamming.

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3
Q

What is a Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)?

A

This protocol determines the largest frame a particular technology can handle.

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4
Q

What is an MTU mismatch?

A

When packets are too large for a particular technology like Ethernet, which uses 1500-byte frames, they are fragmented.

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5
Q

What is a Path MTU Discovery (PMTU)?

A

A setting that sets a “Do NOT fragment (DF) flag” to the IP packet; it determines the best MTU setting automatically.

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6
Q

What is an MTU Black Hole?

A

Since PMTU runs under ICMP, if ICMP is being blocked, PMTU will not work. This can be remedied by turning off IMP blocking in the firewall.

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7
Q

What is OSI Layer 1?

A
  • Physical Layer (PDNTSPA)
  • Signaling, cabling, connectors
  • Transmits logical bits (1s and 0s)
  • Devices include NICs, repeaters, concentrators.
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8
Q

What is OSI Layer 2?

A
  • Data Link Layer (PDNTSPA)
  • This is the MAC layer where physical addressing on a device, error detection, and reliable data transfer
  • Devices include ATM, switches, and bridges; protocols include PPP and ARP.
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9
Q

What is Link-Layer Control (LLC)?

A

Happens at Layer 2, governs sequence number and acknowledgements.

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10
Q

What is Media Access Control (MAC)?

A

Happens at Layer 2, governs data transfer and collision handling.

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11
Q

What is OSI Layer 3?

A
  • Network Layer (PDNTSPA)
  • This is where the logical addressing, route selection, Fragmentation and re-assembly happens (frames), packets.
  • Devices include bridges and routers; protocols used include IP, ICMP, IPSec.
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12
Q

What is OSI Layer 4?

A
  • Transport Layer (PDNTSPA)
  • End-to-end connections, flow control and reliability happen at this layer.
  • Protocols include TCP and/or UDP.
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13
Q

What is OSI Layer 5?

A
  • Session Layer (PDNTSPA)
  • This is where inter-host or inter-application communication happens.
  • Control Protocols (Start & end), Tunneling protocols
  • Protocols include RTCP, PPTP, and RPC.
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14
Q

What is OSI Layer 6?

A
  • Presentation Layer (PDNTSPA).
  • This is where compatible syntax, data formats, and application encryption happens at.
  • Character encoding happens here with ASCII, UNICODE, or EBCDIC.
  • Protocols commonly used here are SSL/TLS
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15
Q

Wha tis OSI Layer 7?

A
  • Application Layer (PDNTSPA)
  • This is where network processes and data is passing to the finished product.
  • Protocols include HTTP, FTP, DNS, POP3
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16
Q

What layer does the signaling, cabling or connector issues arise from?

A

Layer 1

17
Q

What layer would you be utilizing the following troubleshooting issues from: cabling, punch-downs, running loopback tests, test/replace cables, swap adapter cards?

A

Layer 1

18
Q

This layer is also referred to as the “routing” layer.

A

Layer 3 - Network Layer

19
Q

This layer can also be referred to as the “post office” layer

A

Layer 4 - Transport Layer

20
Q

What layer deals with starting, stopping and restarting; deals with control protocols and tunneling protocols?

A

Layer 5 - Session Layer

21
Q

What layer deals with SSL/TLS and application encryption; what happens just before the user sees it?

A

Layer 6 - Presentation Layer

22
Q

OSI In-Action Example for going to G-mail.

A
  1. Physical: Electrical Signals
  2. Data Link: Ethernet
  3. Network: IP encapsulation
  4. Transport: TCP encapsulation
  5. Session: Link the presentation to the transport
  6. Presentation: SSL encryption
  7. Application: https://mail.google.com

(NET+) 1.0 Network Fundamentals (8 decks)

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