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(NET+) 1.0 Network Fundamentals > 1.4 Explain common networking ports, protocols, services, and traffic types. > Flashcards

1.4 Explain common networking ports, protocols, services, and traffic types. Flashcards

1
Q

What is ICMP?

A

Internet Control Message Protocol
- “Text messaging” for your network devices.
- NOT used for data transfer.
- “Hey are you there? Yes, I’m right here”
- Can also let you know that the network you are trying to reach is unreachable (TTL expired).

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2
Q

What is TCP?

A

Transmission Control Protocol
- Connection-oriented that requires a formal connection set-up and close.
- “Reliable” delivery method.
- The receiver can manage how much data is sent (flow control).

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3
Q

What is UDP?

A

User Datagram Protocol
- Connectionless meaning that there is no formal open or close to the connection
- Packet after packet can be sent without receiving an acknowledgement
- Referred to as “unreliable” delivery method because we cannot guarantee that the information was received.

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4
Q

What is GRE?

A

Generic Routing Encapsulation.
- The “tunnel” between two endpoints (commonly done with VPNs).
- Encapsulate traffic inside of IP but NO built-in encryption.

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5
Q

What is IPSec?

A

Internet Protocol Security
- Security for OSI Layer 3.
- Authentication and encryption for every packet.
- Provide digital signatures of every packet.

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6
Q

What is an Authentication Header (AH)?

A

IPSec Protocol
- Uses the hash of the packet and a shared key
- Used to validate the information over an IPSec Tunnel.

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7
Q

What is Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)?

A

IPSec Protocol
- Encrypts the packet.
- Adds a header, a trailer, and an Integrity Check Value.

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8
Q

What is Internet Key Exchange (IKE)?

A
  • The ability to agree on encryption/decryption keys without sending keys across the network.
  • This agreement is called a Security Association (SA)
    – PHASE 1: ISAKMP- Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol over UDP/500.
    – PHASE 2: Coordinate ciphers and key sizes (providing encrypted data over the ESP tunnel via IPSec).
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9
Q

What is Unicast?

A
  • One station sending information to another station.
  • Send information between two systems without it going to any other systems.
  • One-to-one relationship.
  • Does not scale optimally for real-time streaming media.
  • Examples: Web surfing, file transfers
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10
Q

What is Multicast?

A
  • Delivery of information to interested systems.
  • One-to-many-of-many.
  • Someone is usually subscribing to your “multicast”.
  • Very specialized and difficult to scale across large networks.
  • Examples: Multimedia delivery, stock exchanges, dynamic routing updates.
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11
Q

What is Anycast?

A
  • Single destination IP address has multiple paths or two or more endpoints.
    -One-to-one-of-many.
  • Packets sent to an anycast address are delivered to the closest interface.
    – Announce the same route out of multiple data centers, clients use the data center closest to them.
    Example: Anycast DNS
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12
Q

What is Broadcast?

A
  • Send information to everyone at once.
  • One-to-all
  • One packet, received by everyone.
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13
Q

What is multiplexing?

A

It is using many different applications at the same time (both TCP and UDP) on Layer 4 of the OSI Model (Transport Layer).

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14
Q

What is a non-ephemeral port number?

A
  • It is a permanent port number between Ports 0 - 1,023.
  • Usually on a server or service.
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15
Q

What is an ephemeral port number?

A
  • They are temporary port numbers that are typically used on the client side.
  • Ports 1,024 - 65,535.
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16
Q

What is a typical command that would utilize ICMP?

A

The “ping” command.

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17
Q

What is the difference between Transport Mode and Tunnel Mode?

A
  • Transport mode: the IP header is not encrypted and could be intercepted by malicious actors.
  • Tunnel mode: encrypts the IP Header and the Data.
18
Q

What is FTP?

A

File Transfer Protocol
- TCP Ports 20/21
- Transfers files between systems, not specific to an operating system.
- Port 20 active mode data; port 21 is control

19
Q

What is SFTP?

A

Secure File Transfer Protocol
- TCP Port 22 (uses same port at SSH)
- Generic file transfer with security.
- Provides file system functionality (resuming interrupted transfers, directory listings, remote file removal.)

20
Q

What is SSH?

A

Secure Shell
- TCP Port 22
- Text-based console communication.
- Encrypted communication link.

21
Q

What is Telnet?

A
  • Telecommunication Network
  • TCP Port 23
  • This was the non-encrypted (in the clear) form of SSH.
22
Q

What is SMTP?

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- TCP Port 25
- Server to server email transfer.
- Port 25 uses plaintext (in the clear) and port 587 uses TLS encryption.
- Also used to send mail from a device to a mail server (mobile devices)
- Other protocols are used for clients to receive mail
– IMAP & POP3

23
Q

What is DNS?

A

Domain Name System
- UDP Port 53
- Converts names to IP addresses
- Large transfers may use TCP Port 53.

24
Q

What is DHCP?

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
- UDP Port 67/68
- Automated configuration of IP addresses, subnet mask and other options.
- This requires a DHCP server (typically integrated into a wireless router).
- Dynamic/pooled IP addresses are assigned in real-time from a pool.
- DHCP reservation (addresses are assigned by MAC address in the DHCP server).

25
Q

What is TFTP?

A

Trivial File Transfer Protocol
- UDP Port 69
- Very simple file transfers (read and write files)
- No authentication
- Most commonly seen on VOIPs.

26
Q

What is HTTP?

A

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
- Port 80
- Communication in the browser and by other applications.
- Information over Port 80 is sent “in the clear”.

27
Q

What is NTP?

A

Network Time Protocol
- UDP Port 123
- Switches, routers, firewalls, server, workstations all have their own clock.
- Being able to synchronize clocks become critical (typically done by automatic updates done behind the scenes using this protocol).

28
Q

What is SNMP?

A

Simple Network Management Protocol
- UDP Port 161/162
- Gathers statistics from network devices.
- 3 versions:
– 1. is standard that has structured tables and is sent “in the clear”
– 2. Data type enhancements that allow bulk transfers and is still “in the clear”
– 3. is a secure standard that provides message integrity, authentication and encryption.

29
Q

What is LDAP?

A

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
- TCP Port 389
- Stores and retrieves information in a network directory.

30
Q

What is HTTPS?

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
- TCP Port 443
- Communication in the browser and by other applications.
- Information is encrypted when sent out using SSL or TLS.

31
Q

What is SMB?

A

Server Message Block
- TCP Port 445
- This a protocol used by Microsoft Windows for file sharing, printer sharing.
- Also called CIFS (Common Internet File System).
- Integrated into Windows itself.

32
Q

What is Syslog

A
  • UDP Port 514
  • Standard for message logging and allows you to consolidate your log files into one single database.
  • You are typically consolidating this information by sending it to a Security Information and Event Manager (SIEM).
33
Q

What is SMTPS?

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Secure
- TCP Port 587

34
Q

What is LDAPS?

A

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Secure
- TCP Port 636
- A non-standard implementation of LDAP over SSL that allows you to store and retrieve information in a network directory.

35
Q

What is SQL?

A

Structured Query Language
- TCP Port 1433
- A standard language across database servers

36
Q

What is RDP?

A

Remote Desktop Protocol
- TCP Port 3389
- The ability to share a desktop from a remote location.

37
Q

What is SIP?

A

Session Initiation Protocol
- TCP Port 5060/5061)
- Voice Over IP (VOIP) Signaling
- Set-up and manages VoIP sessions
- Extends voice communication
– Video conferencing
– Instant messaging
– File transfer

38
Q

SNMP Traps

A

Alerts and Notifications from the network devices over UDP Port 162.

39
Q

What are some examples of unicasting?

A

Web surfing or file transfers.

40
Q

Transport Mode vs. Tunnel Mode

A
  • Transport Mode: when using IPSec you have the following in the packet – IP header, IPSec headers, Data, and IPSec Trailers.
  • Tunnel Mode: when using IPSec you have the following in the packet – New IP Header, IPSec Headers, (ORIG) IP Header, Data, IPSec Trailers.

(NET+) 1.0 Network Fundamentals (8 decks)

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