[17] Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein Flashcards
Where is the information content of genes located?
The information content of genes is in the specific sequences of nucleotides
What are nucleotides made up of?
A phosphate group, a pentose (ribose or deoxyribose) sugar, and a nitrogenous base
What is gene expression?
Gene expression is the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, includes two stages: transcription and translation.
How was the fundamental relationship between genes and proteins discovered?
British physician Archibald Garrod first suggested that genes dictate phenotypes through enzymes that catalyze specific chemical reactions
What’s an operon?
A functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter.(on/off switch and RNA polymerase)
What’s the use of an operon?
What does an operon contain?
An operon is the entire stretch of DNA that includes the operator, the promoter, and the genes that they control
How can the operon be switched off?
The operon can be switched off by a protein repressor. The repressor prevents gene transcription by binding to the operator and blocking RNA polymera
What is a repressible operon?
It’s one that’s usually on and can get turned off using a respressor
ex: trp operon
What is an inducible operon?
It’s one that’s usually of and can be activated using an inducer
CAP and cAMP…
accelerate transcription
