1.7 Evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

What is evolution?

A

The changes in organisms over generations as a result of genomic variations

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2
Q

What is natural selection?

A

The non-random increase in the frequency of DNA sequences increases survival and the non-random reduction in the frequency of deleterious sequences

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3
Q

What happens as a result of changing phenotype frequency?

A

Stabilising, directional and disruptive selection

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3
Q

What happens as a result of changing phenotype frequency?

A

Stabilising, directional and disruptive selection

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4
Q

What happens in stabilising selection?

A

In stabilising selection, an average phenotype is selected for and extremes of the phenotype range are selected against

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5
Q

What happens in directional selection?

A

In directional selection, one extreme of the phenotype range is selected for

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6
Q

What happens in disruptive selection?

A

In disruptive selection, two or more phenotypes are selected for

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7
Q

What is horizontal gene transfer?

A

Horizontal gene transfer in where genes are transferred between individuals in the same generation

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8
Q

What is vertical gene transfer?

A

Vertical gene transfer is where genes are transferred from parent to offspring as a result of sexual or asexual reproduction

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9
Q

Is natural selection quicker in prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

A

Natural selection is more rapid in prokaryotes

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10
Q

Why is natural selection quicker in prokaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes can exchange genetic material horizontally, resulting in faster evolutionary change than in organisms that only use vertical transfer

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11
Q

What is speciation?

A

Speciation is the generation of new biological species by evolution as a result of isolation, mutation and selection

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12
Q

Why are isolation barriers important in speciation?

A

To prevent gene flow between sub-populations during speciation

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13
Q

What type of speciation does geographical barriers lead to?

A

Allopatric speciation

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14
Q

What type of speciation do behavioural or ecological barriers lead to?

A

Sympatric speciation

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