1.7 Equilibria Flashcards
what changes occur when a reaction reaches equilibrium
- no observable change
- always dynamic (still moving)
What is a dynamic equilibrium
The equilibrium that exists where the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction (in closed system)
Le Chatelier Principle
When a system in dynamic equilibrium is subject to change, the position of equilibrium will shift to minimise the change
What is meant by a reversible reaction?
A reaction in which the products can react together to form the original reactions
How does increasing the temperature affect equilibrium position?
Increasing temperature will favour, the endothermic reaction, so the equilibrium will shift to the right
how does decreasing the temperature affect equilibrium position?
Decreasing temperature will favour the exothermic reaction so equilibrium will shift to the left
how does increasing the pressure affect the equilibrium position?
Increasing the pressure, will favour the side of the reaction with fewer moles of gas, so the position of the equilibrium will move to that side
how does increasing the concentration of the reactants affect the position of equilibrium
Equilibrium will shift to the right to increase concentration of products
What is Kᶜ
The equilibrium constant
how do you calculate Kᶜ
[products] / [reactants]
How do you calculate pH? (acid)
pH = -log[H+]
How do you calculate conc with pH (acid)
[H+] = 10^-pH
What is a strong acid
An acid that completely dissociates in solution to form hydrogen atoms
What is a strong base
A base that completely dissociates and solution to form hydroxide ions
