17 - Energy For Biological Processes Flashcards
Give 3 examples of metabolic activities
- active transport
- anabolic reactions
- movement from cilia/flagella/muscle contraction
What is used to fuel metabolic reactions and processes necessary to keep organisms alive?
Radiation from the sun
Photosynthesis
What traps light?
Chlorophyll molecules
Define respiration
The process by which organic molecules (such as glucose) are broken down into smaller inorganic molecules (CO2 + H20)
What energy is used to synthesise adenosine triphosphate?
Energy stored within the bonds of the organic molecules
What is photosynthesis the reaction behind?
The production of most of the biomass of the earth
Respiration is the process by which organisms do what?
Break down biomass to provide ATP needed for metabolic reactions
What is the bond energy?
The same quantity of energy that is involved whether breaking or making a bond
What determines whether a reaction is endothermic or exothermic?
The total number and strength of bonds that are broken or formed during the reaction
How many and what strength of bonds do organic molecules have?
Contain more bonds than inorganic bonds, but are weaker so release less energy when form/broken
What strength of bond do inorganic molecules have?
Strong, so release lots of energy when broken/need lots of energy to form
In respiration, what type of molecule is broken down to form what type?
Large organic molecules break into small inorganic molecules
In respiration, the total energy required to break all bonds in the organic molecule is what?
Less than the total energy released during the formation of the bonds in the organic products
Where does the energy come from to synthesis ATP?
The excess energy released by the formation of bonds in respiration
Organic molecules, particularly lipids, contain large numbers of what?
Carbon-hydrogen bonds
