13 - Neuronal Communication

Question 1

What are the 2 body systems?

Answer 1

Endocrine system and nervous system

Question 2

Define homeostasis

Answer 2

coordinating the functions of organs in order to maintain a constant internal environment

Question 3

What detects stimuli?

Answer 3

receptors

Question 4

Where does a sensory neurone transmit electrical impulses?

Answer 4

from receptor to motor/relay/brain

Question 5

Where does a motor neurone transmit electrical impulses?

Answer 5

from a relay/sensory to the effector

Question 6

Where does a relay neurone transmit electrical impulses?

Answer 6

transmits impulses between neurones

Question 7

Which neurones are myelinated?

Answer 7

motor and sensory

Question 8

What makes up a myelin sheath?

Answer 8

Schwann cells

Question 9

What do Schwann cells do?

Answer 9

surround axon by wrapping many times

Question 10

What are the Nodes of Ranvier?

Answer 10

regular interruptions of myelin sheath at gaps between Schwann cells

Question 11

Where can receptors be found?

Answer 11

skin, retina, cochlea, tongue, nose

Question 12

What transduction of energy is occurring?

Answer 12

converting stimuli into an electrical impulse

Question 13

Pacinian Corpuscles

Where are they found?

Answer 13

deeper in the skin in hands, feet, joints

Question 14

Pacinian Corpuscles

What does it detect?

Answer 14

Changes in pressure

Question 15

What type of channels are located in the neurone at the end of the corpuscle?

Answer 15

stretch-mediated sodium ion channels

Question 16

What is a generator potential?

Answer 16

a graded change in the electrical properties of a receptor cell membrane

Question 17

Is a generator potential permanent?

Answer 17

No it’s temporary

Question 18

What causes generator potentials?

Answer 18

A stimulus triggers the opening of sodium ion channels that result in depolarisation of the receptor cell membrane

Question 19

What is required in the membrane for ions to move across?

Answer 19

channels

Question 20

What are voltage-gated ion channels?

Answer 20

are utilised for the generation and propagation of the action potentials

Question 21

What are mechanically gated channels?

Answer 21

vibrations or pressure opens and closes these

Question 22

What are ligand gated channels?

Answer 22

hormones and neurones modify these channels for normal cell maintenance

Question 23

What is the axoplasm?

Answer 23

Cytoplasm of the axon

Question 24

What is the resting potential of nerve impulse in mV?

Answer 24

-70

Question 25

What is the action potential of a nerve impulse in mV?

Answer 25

+40