1.7 Economy and Exploration

Question 1

What % of cloth exports made up English exports?

Answer 1

90%

Question 2

What did % of cloth exports rise to under Henry VII?

Answer 2

60%

Question 3

Who were the Merchant Adventurers?

Answer 3

Traders who came together in ports under one company
- In control of trade (wool export) mostly in agriculture towns

Question 4

What was Henry VII opinion on Merchant Adventurers and what was their impact?

Answer 4

Henry supported and encouraged merchants as he knew they promoted trade with England
- Helped reinforce London’s commercial dominance across the country

Question 5

How did the Intercusus Magnus impact trading wool specifically and when was it?

Answer 5

Led to normalisation of trade with Burgundy

Question 6

Why was Burgundy important for trade?

Answer 6

Antwerp made clothes from England’s cloth so vital for each other’s successes and economies

Question 7

Why did Henry agree to reinstate the Hanseatic League in 1504?

Answer 7

He needed to ensure that support would not be offered to the Earl of Suffolk (a Yorkist claimant) by the League.
- They also enjoyed trading privileges which England couldn’t overcome

Question 8

Overall view of cloth/wool trade for England

Answer 8

Crucial to the English economy
- Grew during his reign to 60%

Question 9

What were Navigation Acts?

Answer 9

Attempted to limit foreign control on English trade
- Encourage English shipping

Question 10

When did Henry pass 2 Navigation Acts?

Answer 10

1485 and 1489

Question 11

What was the Hanseatic League?

Answer 11

Group of free cities which came together to form a commercial union to control trade in the Baltic Sea specifically northern Europe

Question 12

Aim of the Navigation Acts

Answer 12

• Increase English control of trade over Europe
• Only important goods in foreign ships if no English available

Question 13

What did the Navigation Act lead to?

Answer 13

• Conflict between Hanseatic League, Spain and England
• Spain created Navigation Acts of their own and led to less trade between England and Spain

Question 14

Navigation Acts impact on English shipping reputation?

Answer 14

• Henry VII renowned strength of ships
• Important link between trade and defence
• England gained a more dominant shipping position in Europe

Question 15

State of English Navy at the end of Henry VII reign?

Answer 15

Not as impactful as his Son of Elizabeth but established the foundation of a proper Navy as
- Better equipped ships
- More efficient

Question 16

Impact of the English Navy on the Tudor Dynasty?

Answer 16

• Constructed first naval base in Portsmouth
• Prepared to defend England from sea
• Laid the foundations of naval defence for his son and granddaughter to build upon

Question 17

Exploration with Columbus?

Answer 17

• Henry criticised for turning him down
• His proposal was a voyage across islands such as the Caribbean
• Came successful for Spain as it offered immense trade and economic aid

Question 18

John Cabot and his achievements

Answer 18

1497 - Discovery of New foundland and fisheries off North America

Question 19

Sebastian Cabot and his exploration

Answer 19

1508 - Voyage to discover NW passage to Asia however failed

Question 20

Evaluation of English exploration

Answer 20

Had successes but overall not convincing
- Never exploited findings financially
- Second to Ferdinand (Spain) to discover the New World
- Offered commercial links and had more knowledge of North America than anyone else in Europe
(Not exploited by Henry VIII)

Question 21

What was enclosure?

Answer 21

Fencing off of common land and abolition rights over it therefore the sole responsibility lied with the landowner

Question 22

Advantages of enclosure

Answer 22

• Land could be divided
• Productivity increases for economy
• Increase profitability of land

Question 23

Disadvantages of enclosure

Answer 23

• Removed people’s right to graze animals on common land
• Evicted families who couldn’t prove legal right to land