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Neuro > 17:Basal ganglia anatomy and function > Flashcards

17:Basal ganglia anatomy and function Flashcards

1
Q

basic function of basal ganglia

A

depression of unwanted movements

-movement modulation

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2
Q

Parts that make up the basal ganglia

derived from telencephalon

A

Caudate nucleus-and taile of cuadate

> putamen, GPE, GPI,

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3
Q

true basal gangla derived from the…

A

telencephalon
&
Diencephalon, mesencephalon give rise to structures that are associated

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4
Q

parts associated wit the basal ganglia derived from the diencephalon

A

thalamus, subthalamic nucleus (interconnected with basal ganglia),

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5
Q

midbrain strcuture (mesencephalon) associated with basal ganglia interconnections

A

substantia nigro

*neurons contain melanin

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6
Q

lateral wall of lateral ventricle there is always

A

caudate nucleus

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7
Q

always lateral and ventral to caudate nucleus=

A

putamen

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8
Q

runs between caudate and putamen

A

internal capsule

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9
Q

somatic basal ganglia AKA

A

dorsal basal ganglia

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10
Q

limbic basal ganglia aka

A

ventral basal ganglia

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11
Q

movement control

A

somatic basal ganglia

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12
Q

motivation, reward and affect

A

limbic basal ganglia

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13
Q

caudate, putamen, GPE, GPI

A

somatic basal ganglia

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14
Q

nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, ventral pallidum

A

limbic basal ganglia

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15
Q

tail of caudate after swinging around anteriorly ends rostrally at

A

amygdaloid nucleus

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16
Q

acceptable name for caudate plus putamen

A

striatum-striped appearance of fiber bundles passing thru it

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17
Q

midbrain continuation of the Internal Capsule

A

cerebral peduncle

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18
Q

Dopaminergic signalling between substantia nigra and the basal ganglia

A

Axons leave SN and travel to Head of C, Putamen, Tail of C forming dopa terminals there
aka the striatum receives dopa signalling

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19
Q

somatic ganglion area receiving no dopaminergic signalling

A

pallidus

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20
Q

name the two parts of Substantia Nigra

A

part compacta-where the dopa axons are

pars reticularis-few dopa neurons

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21
Q

part of substantia nigra that it dark in color and stains with Dopa staining (contains melanin)

A

pars compacta of Substantia Nigro

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22
Q

substantia nigra develops from

A

mesencephalon

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23
Q

subthalamic nuclei develop from

A

diencephalon

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24
Q

location of cerebral peduncle

A

below the bulk ot thalamus, above and medial to the cerebral peduncle (continuation of IC)

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25
Q

two main neuron types that make up the striatum (Caudate and Putamen)

A

Aspiny (5%) neurons and Spiny neurons (95%)

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26
Q

which are smaller SN or A

A

sn are smaller than A

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27
Q

neurons that nee to integrate info from diverse sources possess

A

dendritic spines

28
Q

axons in SNeurons

A

PROJECION NEURONS

-long axon that leaves straitum

29
Q

acons in A neurons

A

LOCAL CIRCUIT/ INTERNEURONS

-short and do not leave the striatum

30
Q

Spiny/Projection neurons use which NT

A

GABA

31
Q

Striatum/Projection neurons broken down into two major subclasses based on co-secreted neuropeptides…what are those divisions

A
  1. GABA plud Enkephalin (opioid)

2. Gaba plus substance P

32
Q

Projectioin neuron with GABA plus Enkephalin projects to

A

from Striatum to Globus Pallidus Externa

33
Q

Projection-Spiny neuron with GABA plus suybstance P projects from

A

striatum to Globus pallidus Interna

34
Q

to GPE

A

enkephalin

35
Q

to GPI

A

substance p

36
Q

SUBSTANCE P PRJECTS TO

A

GPI, SNC, SNR`

37
Q

ENKEPHALIN PROJECTS TO

A

GPE ONLY

38
Q

OPIATE CO SECRETED WITH GABA AND SUBSTANCE P

A

DYNORPHIN

39
Q

DOPA RECEPTOR FOR striato-GPe- neurons

A

D2 dopamine receptor

40
Q

substance p contiaining striatal projections possess whcih dopa receptor

A

D1

41
Q

STRIATO-GPe-D2 neurons are responsible for

A

inhibiting movement potnetially conflicting with desired movement

42
Q

striato GPi neurons are involved in

A

initiating limb movement,

43
Q

striato SNr involved in

A

initiatiing eye abnd head movement

44
Q

striato Nc neurons involved in

A

regulating dopa neurons

45
Q

name the types of striatal interneurons

A 
cholinergic-big cell body-uses ACH
parvalbuminergic-calcium binding protein-uses GABA-large in size
somatostatinergic-uses somatostatin-
mainly uses gaba though-medium size
celretinergic-CaBP-medium size-use gaba
46
Q

interneuron involved in Huntington’s dz

A

somatostatinergic

47
Q

soomatostatinergic interneurons secrete what?

A

GABA main NT
somatostatin
NPY

48
Q

changes in striatum/GP as huntingtons progresses

A

projection neurons die-thus GPe and GPi shrink in size
somatostatinergic interneurons -are retained (600)
further progresion causes these 600 to compress into a small space->

49
Q

interneurons surviving poorly in HD

A

parvalbuminergic

*all other survive in HD

50
Q

interneurons that oppose DA actio

A

cholinergic AN’s

51
Q

what type of Neuron is found in the pallidi?

SN or An

A

Aspiny with large rami in verticle plane

52
Q

Neurotransmitter onto pallidal AN’s

A

GABAergic synapse

-send axons out of pallidus to their target area

53
Q

GPe projects to

A

subthalamic nucleus of the diencephalon

54
Q

GPi projects to

A

motor thalamus

55
Q

two nuclei making up the motor thalamus

A
  1. ventral Anterior nucleus

2. ventral lateral nucleus

56
Q

ventral lateral nucleus has two parts

A

> VLc-Caudalis part (c part)

>VLo-Oralis part (o part)

57
Q

GPI to:

A

MOTOR thalamuc

VAN and VLN

58
Q

projections to VAnucleis of motor thalamus

A

GPi, Substantia Nigra,

59
Q

projections from VAn

A

diffuse frontal cortex, area 6

60
Q

Projections to VLO and VLC

A

dentate nucleus, globus pallidus, substantia nigra

61
Q

projections from the VLC and VLO

A

area 4

62
Q

VA projects to

A

area 6-pre-motor cortex

63
Q

VL (o and C) projects to

A

area 4- primary motor cortex

64
Q

major sources of input the the striatum

A

cortex (almost all), thalamus, substantia nigra (DOPA from compacta)

65
Q

cortical neuron type that project onto striatum

A

5 pyramidal neurons

*also to brainstem and spinal cord

66
Q

4 inputs to striataal spiny neurons

A
  1. medium spiny (GABA) onto soma
  2. Cerebral cortex (glutamate)
  3. Substantia Nigra (dopamine)
  4. Large Aspiny Cholinergic
67
Q

modulates cortical input to striatal spine

A

DOPA signalling from SN

Neuro (19 decks)

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