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Neuro > 13: Deep Cerebellum and Brainstem > Flashcards

13: Deep Cerebellum and Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

general cerebellar function

A

comparator-compensates for error in movement by comparing intention with performance

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2
Q

three main tasks accomplished by cerebellum

A

coordination
tone regulation
equilibrium

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3
Q

non motor functions of cerebellum

A

cognition
emotion
affective processing

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4
Q

sensory functions accomplished by cerebellum

A

sequencing incoming sensory patterns

detecting temporal changes in sequence of events

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5
Q

slow cerrebellar feed back paths

A

ALLOWS FOR LONG TERM IMPROVEMENT anticipate and smooth out movements of trunk and limbs

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6
Q

FAST FORWARD MECHANISMS paths in the cerebellum

A

second to second regulation of movements to keep them smooth

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7
Q

name the lobes of the cerebellum

A

anterior
posterior
flocculonodular lobe
(vermis/paravermis in the midline)

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8
Q

vermis/ paravermis controls

A

axial musculature (neck and trunk muscles)

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9
Q

lateral hemispheres control

A

arms and legs

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10
Q

flocculonodular lobe controls

A

maintaining balance

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11
Q

collections of cell bodies

A

in the CNS-nuclei

in the PNS-ganglion

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12
Q

what ARE deep cerebellar nuclei

A

primary relay points for efferent fibers traveling from cerebellar cortex (via purkinje cells) to other brain regions
CEREBELLA RINPUTS PASS THRU THESE THANGS

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13
Q

LATERAL HEMISPHERES PROJECT TO WHICH DEEP CEREBELLAR NUCLEUS

A

dentate-responsible for limbs (arms and legs)

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14
Q

paravermal zones project to the

A

nucleus interpositus- made up of globose and emboliform nuclei–> movement of axial muscles and neck muscles

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15
Q

what makes up the interpositus nucleus

A

globose and emboliform

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16
Q

cerebellar info about arms and legs goes thru the

A

dentate nucleus

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17
Q

info about the axial skeleton, trunk and neck passes thru which nucleus

A

Partavermis-interpositus (globose and emboliform)

Vermis-fastigial

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18
Q

vermis zones project thru which deep nucleus

A

fastigial–> head, neck and axial skeleton

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19
Q

three fiber bundles to and from the cerebellum-thru brainstem-to brain and body

A

superior cerebellar peduncle-major
Middle cerebellar peduncle
inferior cerebellar peduncle

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20
Q

afferent fibers in the superior cerebellar peduncle

A

anterior spinocerebellar tract

acoustic and optic info

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21
Q

efferents in the superior cerebellar peduncle

A

dentatorubrothalamic tract

dentatothalamic tracts

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22
Q

affarents in the middle cerebellar peduncle

A

pontocerebellar

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23
Q

inferior cerebellar peduncle affarents

A

vestibulocerebellar tract
olivulocerebellar tract
posterior spinocerebellar tract

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24
Q

efferents in the inferior cerebellar peduncle

A

cerebellovestibular

cerebellooviary tracts

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25
Q

dentatothalamic pathway carries what

A

info from the LATERAL aspects of the ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR cerebellar cortices TO THE THALAMUS–>then to the CONTRALATERAL motor cortex!!!-to coordinate movement in the limbs IPSILATERAL to the cerebellar hemisphere of origin

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26
Q

cerebelloolivary tracts carries

A

information from the vermis and flocculonodular lobes through the EGF nuclei to the vestibular nuclei, the olivary nuclei, and the brainstem reticular formation. The latter pathways are important in maintaining balance.

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27
Q

cerebellar gray matter cortex cell types and layers

A

> outer- basket (i) stellate (i)
middle- purkinje (ex)-only nerves that are cerebellar output
granule=layer (golgi (-) granule cells (+)

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28
Q

only output neurons from the cerebellum

A

purkinje cells

-synapse on the deep nuclei-in turn send axons outside the cerebelum

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29
Q

only direct input to purkinje fibers of the cerebellum from outside=

A

rising fibers from olivary nuclei

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30
Q

other input from within the cerebellum

A

mossy fibers that synapse and activate the cerebellar glomeruli

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31
Q

FUNCTIONAL divisons of cerebellum

A

vestibulocerebellar
spinocerebellum
cerebrocerebellum

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32
Q

what formations go in to the vestibulocerebellum

A

vestibular nuclei, flocculonodular, inferior paravermis, fastigial nuclei

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33
Q

formations that go into the spinocerebellum

A

anterior lobe or cerebellum, vermis, superior paravermis

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34
Q

formations in the cerebrocerebellum

A

lateral portions of the posterior lobes

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35
Q

functions of vestibulocerebellum division

A

coordinate eye head neck movements-maintain balance

36
Q

afferents into the vestibulocrebellum

A

IPSILATERAL vestibular nuclei via inferior peduncle

37
Q

efferents from vestibulocerebellar nuclei

A

to vestibular nuclei via fastigial nuclei and inferior peduncle

38
Q

function of the spinocerebellar division

A

coordinates trunk and proximal limb movements

39
Q

afferents into spinocerebellar division

A

ipsilateral spinal cord via inferior peduncle

40
Q

efferents levaing the spinocerebellar formation

A

to THALAMUS,, cerebral cortex, via the EGF nucleus, superior peduncle
-to vestibular nuclei, red nuclei, and brainstem reticular formation

41
Q

function of cerebrocerebellar formation

A

COORDINATES FINE MOTOR PLANING OF LIMBS
-ANTICIPATES SENSORY CONSEQUENCES OF MOVEMENTS
COGNITIVE MEMORY OF MOTOR FUNCTIONS

42
Q

affarents into the cerebrocerebellar formaiton

A

from CONTRALATERAL neocortex via pontine nucleus

43
Q

efferents from cerebrocerebellar formation

A

to CONTRALATERAL motor and premotor cortex in the forebrain

-via dentate nuclei, superior peduncle, red nucleus, and thalamus

44
Q

Superior colliculus

A

control of reflex movements that orient the eyes, head, neck in response to auditory, visual and somatic stimuli

45
Q

periaqueductal gray function

A

processing of autonomic and limbic activities as well as the modulation of nocioception

46
Q

parasympathetic innveration of the eye to constrict iri and to the ciliary muscle to alter lense shape

A

edinger westphal nucleus-runs in CN III

47
Q

accomodation

A

edinger westphal nucleus

48
Q

motor control of eye movements

A

CN III-occulomotor

49
Q

path to thalamus for pain/temp from periphery

A

spinothalamic tracts

50
Q

sensory pathway for proprioception connection n. gracilis and cuneatus with the thalamus

A

medial lemniscus

51
Q

thalamic relay for auditory info

A

medial geniculate

52
Q

thalamic relay for visual info

A

lateral geniculate

53
Q

fiber bundles of the CORTICOSPINAL tract connecting cerebral cortex to the brainstem

A

cerebral peduncle

54
Q

optic tract

A

optic fibers from the optic chiasm to the lateral giniculate

55
Q

nuclei degenerates in parkinsons-smooth moto contol

A

substantia nigro

56
Q

relay between cerebellum to the thalamus

A

red nucleus

57
Q

fiber path between the vestibular nuclei in the CN nuclei 3,4, 6 to coordinate head and eye movement

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus

58
Q

pathway to and from cerebellum->dentatothalamic tract efferent- anterior spinocerebellar tract afferent

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle

59
Q

fiber pathway to and from the cerebellum-pontocerebellar tract is the afferents

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

60
Q

main sensory component of the trigeminal ganglion, main motor nucleus of CN V located int he pons

A

mesencephalic nucleus

61
Q

cranial nerve that runs laterall and out thru the pons

A

CN V

62
Q

collection of neurons in the pons that recieve input from the neocortex and send crossing fibers thru the middle cerebellar peduncle

A

pontine nuclei-pontocerebellar tract afferents

63
Q

Noradrenergic brainstem nucleus involved in mood. sleep/wake cylce

A

locus coeruleus

64
Q

serotonin type nuclei involved in mood, sleep wake cycle

A

raphe nucleus pontis

65
Q

motor fibers from neocortex to spinal interneurons and LMNs

A

corticospinal tract

66
Q

corticospinal tract when in the medulla

A

pyramids

67
Q

origin of the climbing fibers to the cerebellar purkinje cells

A

inferuor olivary nucleus

68
Q

nuclear and tract components of CNV that extends down into the upper cervical spinal cord

A

spinal nucleus of CN V

69
Q

parasympathetic motor nucleus to lungs and gut

A

dorsal motor nucleus of VAGUS CN X

70
Q

sensory nucleus for taste CN VII glands chemo and barocreceptors CN 9 and 10

A

nucleus tractus solitarius

71
Q

nuclei fo the vestiblar system that regulate balance

A

inferior and medial vestibular nuclei

-vestibulocerebellar formation

72
Q

network of neurons and axons that reside in the brain stem tegmentum involved in arousal respiration, heart rate control

A

reticular formation

73
Q

decussation of pyramids in the

A

lower/caudal medulla

74
Q

cn with nucleus in the LOWER medulla

A

CN Ix-taste and motor to tongue and pharyngeal muscles

75
Q

common thread for most brain stem syndromes

A

contralateral body weakness or sensory loss coupled with same sided cranial nerve weakness or sensory loss

76
Q

lesion in the long tracts of brain stem will cause

A

contralateral signs and symptoms-because they havent crossed over yet

77
Q

lesions in the nuclei or fasciculus will cause

A

ipsilateral signs and symptoms-these are distal to the decussation

78
Q

midbrain stroke syndrome

A

benedikt

79
Q

lesions seen in benedikt syndrome

A

Cerebral peduncle

CN II fascicle

80
Q

ipsilateral CN II palsy, loss of pupil constriction, contralateral temor and ataxia

A

Benedikts syndrome

81
Q

red nucleus, occulomotor nuclear complex, edinger westphal nucleus all damaged

A

benedikts syndrome

82
Q

name the two Medial Pontine Vascular lesions

A

Millard-Gruber

Fovilles syndromes

83
Q

difference betwen the two pontine lesion

A

Foville syndrome has ipsilateral gaze paresis

84
Q

areas damaged in pontine stroke syndromes

A

> medial longitiudinal fasciculus-gaze disorders- VI
Medial lemniscus-loss of contral. disc. touch
cerebellar lesion on both sides due to pontine nuclei lesions and transverse cerebellar fibers both the ips. and contral sides
corticospinal tract-contral. hemiparesis

85
Q

medullary stroke syndromes

A

medial-medial medullary syndrome

latera-wallenburg syndrome

86
Q

medial medullary syndrome

A

contral arm/leg weakness
contral. decrease in position vibration
ipsilateral tongue weakness

87
Q

wallenburg syndrome-sommon posterior circulation stroke

A

ips ataxia, vertigo, nausea, ips dec in face pain sensation, contra dec in body pain, ipsilateral horners, dysphagia

Neuro (19 decks)

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