1.7

Question 0

Methods of birth control can be divided up broadly into

Answer 0

Barrier methods

Hormonal methods

Question 1

Contraception is a method of birth control that

Answer 1

Prevents conception

Question 2

Barrier methods are designed to

Answer 2

Prevent sperm meeting up with an oocyte

Question 3

Most widely used barrier method =

Answer 3

Condom

Question 4

Condoms:

Answer 4

Latex
Sperm released into tip of the sheath (prevents them from being released into the vagina)

Reduces the likelihood of STDs

Question 5

Female condom

Answer 5

Larger than male
Polyurethane
Inserted into the vagina before sex
Protection from STDs

Question 6

Cap

Answer 6

Barrier 
Latex or silicone 
Fit over cervix
Spermicidal cream into cap
Inserted before sex
Held in place by suction 
Left in for at least 8hours following sex
No protection from STDs

Question 7

Intrauterine device (IUD)

Answer 7

Plastic
Copper wire around it (mildly spermicidal)
Inside uterus with 2 strings that pass through the cervix

Question 8

IUD works by:

Answer 8

• increase production of chemicals (prostaglandins) by the uterus which stop a fertilised oocyte implanting
• changes in endometrium (no implantation)
• makes it more difficult for the sperm and oocyte to pass trough the uterus and oviducts

Question 9

Hormonal methods are based on:

Answer 9

Oestrogen

Progesterone

Question 10

HM - 2 kinds of pill:

Answer 10

Combined pill containing both oestrogen and progesterone

Progesterone-only pills

Question 11

Oestrogen inhibits

Answer 11

FSH production (no follicles develop)

Question 12

Progesterone inhibits the production of

Answer 12

LH - ovulation doesn’t occur

Question 13

‘Morning after’ pill contains a high dose of synthetic form of progesterone

Works by:

Answer 13

• making the endometrium less receptive to the fertilised oocyte (preventing implantation)
• preventing Sperm and oocyte meeting in the oviduct
• preventing ovulation

Question 14

Advantages of combined pill:

Answer 14

Very reliable

May reduce menstrual cramps and bleeding

Question 15

Disadvantages of combined pill:

Answer 15

Doesn’t protect against STIs

Slightly increased risk or thrombosis

Question 16

Advantages of male condom

Answer 16

Reliable

Protect against STIs

Question 17

Disadvantages of male condom

Answer 17

Not quite as reliable as the pill

Question 18

Advantages of IUD

Answer 18

Once in place doesn’t need to be thought about

Very reliable

Question 19

disadvantages of IUD

Answer 19

Some people do not like the idea that is may prevent implantation of an embryo

May cause increased menstrual cramps, heavier bleeding or may be expelled by uterus

Needs to be fitted and removed by a medical practitioner

Question 20

Disadvantages of cap

Answer 20

Needs to be fitted before sex and left in place for some hours afterwards

Doesn’t protect against STIs