16b - Peptide + Proteins Flashcards
Describe 3 peptide co-transmitters that the Peripheral NS (PNS) uses
These are typically slower acting co-transmitters to supplement the faster acting neurotransmitters.
- Neuropeptide Y = Postganlgionic sympathetic = Vasoconstriction by NA
- Substance P = Symapethic ganglia, enteric neurons = Slow depolarisation cotransmitted w/ acetylcholine
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) = Parasymapethtic salivary glands = ACh faciliates secretion, VIP = dilatation.
What are opioids?
A type of peptide neurotransmitter that manages pain
Describe 3 opioid receptors
μ (mu) = Respiratory depression, reduced GI motility, sedation, physical dependence, miosis, euphoria. Morphine works here.
δ (delta) = Weaker respiratory depression, antidepressant, physical dependence.
κ (kappa) = dyspohoria + hallucinations, sedation. depression
Describe 3 types of insulin. What makes them better as a human drug for diabetes?
- Bovine (3 AA diff.)
- Procine (1 AA diff.)
- Human (Made by recombinant DNA tech)
More similar to human = better response.
Which peptide controls BP
Angiotensin (increases BP)
1) Someone not producing blood cells on their own would get given what peptide?
2) To create more RBCs, you use which peptide?
3) Someone with destroyed bone marrow will be given which peptide to replace their immune cells?
1) Haemopoietic growth factors.
2) Erythropoietin (EPO)
3) Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF)
What proteins modulate the immune system?
Cytokines.
1) List a peptide antagonist used in the RAS system
2) Name a drug antagonises opiate effects e.g. if patient is in respiratory depression.
1) Angiotensin II receptor blockers (Losartan, valsartan, etc…).
2) Naloxone.
4 reasons why peptides/proteins make for bad drugs
- Poorly absorbed in orally taken
- Don’t cross blood-brain barrier
- Short duration due to rapid degradation
- Expensive.
