16.5 control of blood water potential- structure of the neuphron

Question 1

fibrous capsule

Answer 1

outer membrane that protects the kidney

Question 2

cortex

Answer 2

lighter coloured outer region made up of the renal capsule, convoluted tubules and blood vessels

Question 3

medulla

Answer 3

darker coloured inner region made up of loop of Henle, collecting ducts and blood vessels

Question 4

renal pelvis

Answer 4

funnel- shaped cavity that collects urine into the ureter

Question 5

ureter

Answer 5

tube that carries urine to the bladder

Question 6

renal artery

Answer 6

supplies the kidney with blood from the heart via the aorta

Question 7

renal vein

Answer 7

returns blood to the heart via the vena cava

Question 8

renal (Bowman’s) capsule

Answer 8

• the closed end at the start of the nephron
• cup- shaped and surrounds a mass of blood capillaries (glomerulus)
• inner layer of the renal capsule is made up of podocytes

Question 9

proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 9

• a series of loops surrounded by blood capillaries

- walls are made of epithelial cells which have microvilli

Question 10

loop of Henle

Answer 10

• a long, hairpin loop that extends from the cortex into the medulla of the kidney and back again
• surrounded by blood capillaries

Question 11

distal convoluted tubule

Answer 11

• a series of loops surrounded by blood capillaries

- its walls are made of epithelial cells, but it is surrounded by fewer capillaries than the proximal tubule

Question 12

collecting duct

Answer 12

• tube into which a number of distal convoluted tubules from a number of nephrons empty
• it is lined by epithelial cells and becomes increasingly wide as it empties into the pelvis of the kidneys

Question 13

afferent arteriole

Answer 13

• tiny vessels that arises from the renal artery and supplies the nephron with blood
• enters the renal capsule of the nephron where it forms the glomerulus

Question 14

glomerulus

Answer 14

• many branched knot of capillaries from fluid is forced out the blood
• recombines to form the efferent arteriole

Question 15

efferent arteriole

Answer 15

• tiny vessel that leaves the renal capsule
• smaller in diameter than the afferent arteriole
• carries blood away from the renal capsule and later branches to form the blood capillaries

Question 16

blood capillaries

Answer 16

• concentrated network of capillaries that surrounds the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule
• capillaries merge into venules (tiny veins) that merge into renal vein