15.1 Neurones And Nervous Coordination

Question 1

What are the 2 main forms of coordination in animals?

Answer 1

• nervous system

- hormonal system

Question 2

How does the hormonal system communicate?

Answer 2

By hormones

Question 3

How does the nervous system communicate?

Answer 3

By nerve impulses

Question 4

How are hormones transported around the body?

Answer 4

By the blood stream

Question 5

How are nerve impulses transported around the body?

Answer 5

By neurones

Question 6

How fast is the transmission of hormones around the body in the hormonal system?

Answer 6

Relatively slow

Question 7

How fast is the transmission of nerve impulses around the body in the nerve system?

Answer 7

Relatively rapid

Question 8

Where do hormones travel to?

Answer 8

Travel to all parts of the body, but only target cells respond

Question 9

Where do nerve impulses travel to?

Answer 9

Travel to specific parts of the body

Question 10

Response to hormones

Answer 10

• Long- lasting
• Widespread
• Slow

Question 11

Response to nerve impulses

Answer 11

• short- lived
• rapid
• localised

Question 12

What are the effects of hormones?

Answer 12

Effect may be permanent and irreversible

Question 13

What are the effects of nerve impulses?

Answer 13

Effect is usually temporary and reversible

Question 14

What are nerve cells also called?

Answer 14

Neurones

Question 15

What are nerve impulses?

Answer 15

Electrochemical changes

Question 16

What are neurones adapted to do?

Answer 16

Rapidly carry nerve impulses from one part of the body cell to another

Question 17

Which organelle does the body cell of a mammalian motor neurone have large amounts of?

Answer 17

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum associated with?

Answer 18

Production of protein and neurotransmitters

Question 19

What are dendrons in the mammalian motor neurone?

Answer 19

Small branched fibres that extend from the body cell

Question 20

What is the purpose of the dendrites?

Answer 20

Carry nerve impulses towards the cell body

Question 21

What is the axon in the mammalian motor neurone?

Answer 21

Single long fibre

Question 22

What is the purpose of the axon?

Answer 22

Carry nerve impulses away from the cell body

Question 23

What is the purpose of Schwann cells?

Answer 23

• carry out phagocytosis
• plays a part in nerve regeneration
• protects axon
• provides electrically insulation

Question 24

How do Schwann cells protect and insulate the axon?

Answer 24

Schwann cells wrap themselves around the axon many times, so that layers of their membranes build up around it

Question 25

What is a myelin sheath?

Answer 25

Covering to the axon and is made up of the membranes of the Schwann cells

Question 26

What is myelin what type of biological molecule?

Answer 26

Lipid

Question 27

What are neurones with myelin sheath called?

Answer 27

Myelinated neurones

Question 28

What are myelinated neurones?

Answer 28

Neurones with a myelin sheath

Question 29

What are nodes of Ranvier?

Answer 29

Constrictions between adjacent Schwann cells where there is no myelin sheath

Question 30

Draw a motor neurone

Answer 30

Page 348

Question 31

Draw a sensory neurone.

Answer 31

Page 348

Question 32

Draw an intermediate neurone

Answer 32

Page 348

Question 33

What is the purpose of sensory neurones?

Answer 33

Carry nerve impulses from a receptor

Question 34

What is the purpose of a motor neurone?

Answer 34

Transmit nerve impulses to an effector

Question 35

What is the purpose of an intermediate or relay neurone?

Answer 35

Transmit impulses between neurones