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bio: section 6 > 15.7 Structure Of Skeletal Muscle > Flashcards

15.7 Structure Of Skeletal Muscle Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle in the body?

A
  • cardiac muscle
  • smooth muscle
  • skeletal muscle
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2
Q

What are the tiny muscle fibres called?

A

Myofibrils

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3
Q

What is the cytoplasm found in the muscle fibres called?

A

Sarcoplasm

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4
Q

What do muscle fibres share?

A

Nuclei and sarcoplasm

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5
Q

Which organelles are in high concentration in the sarcoplasm?

A
  • Mitochondria

- Endoplasmic reticulum

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6
Q

What 2 types of protein filament is myofibrils made up of?

A
  • actin

- myosin

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7
Q

What is actin?

A

Thinner protein filament and consists of 2 strands twisted around one another

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8
Q

What is myosin?

A

Thicker protein filament and consists of long rod- shaped tails with bulbous heads that project to the side

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9
Q

What are I bands short for?

A

Isotropic bands

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10
Q

What are A bands short for?

A

Anisotropic bands

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11
Q

What is the A band made up of?

A

Actin and myosin

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12
Q

What is the I band made up of?

A

Actin

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13
Q

What is the H zone?

A

Where only myosin is present

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14
Q

What is the z line?

A

Line in the centre of each I band

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15
Q

Sarcomere definition

A

Distance between adjacent z-lines

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16
Q

What is tropomyosin?

A

Fibrous protein strand around the actin filament

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17
Q

Slow- twitch fibre adaptations

A
  • large store of myoglobin
  • lots of blood vessels
  • numerous mitochondria
18
Q

Fast- twitch adaptations

A
  • lots of thicker myosin filaments
  • lots of glycogen
  • lots of enzymes for anaerobic respiration
  • store of phosphocreatine
19
Q

What are the 2 types of muscle fibres?

A
  • slow twitch

- fast twitch

20
Q

Speed of contraction in slow- twitch fibres

A

Slowly

21
Q

Strength of contraction in slow- twitch fibres

A

Not powerful

22
Q

How long does the contraction last in slow- twitch fibres?

A

Longer period

23
Q

What are slow- twitch fibres adapted for?

A

Endurance work e.g marathon

24
Q

Where are slow- twitch fibres found?

A

Calf muscle

25
Q

What sort of respiration are slow- twitch fibres adapted for?

A

Aerobic respiration in order to avoid a build- up of lactic acid

26
Q

How fast does fast- twitch fibres contract?

A

Rapidly

27
Q

Strength of fast- twitch fibre contractions?

A

Powerful

28
Q

How long does the muscle contraction last in the fast- twitch fibres?

A

Short period

29
Q

What are fast- twitch fibres adapted for?

A

Intense exercise e.g weight- lifting

30
Q

Where are fast- twitch fibres found?

A

Biceps

31
Q

Neuromuscular junction definition

A

Point where a motor neurone meets a skeletal muscle fibre

32
Q

Why are there many neuromuscular junctions?

A

All fibres would contract simultaneously so movement would be fast

33
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

Muscle fibres supplied by a single motor neurone that act as a single functional unit

34
Q

What happens if only a small force is needed?

A

Only a few units are stimulated

35
Q

What happens if a greater force is required?

A

Larger number of units are stimulated

36
Q

Similarities between cholinergic synapses and neuromuscular junctions

A
  • have neurotransmitters that are transported by diffusion
  • have receptors, that bind with neurotransmitter, cause an influx of Na+
  • use a sodium- potassium pump to repolarise the axon
  • use enzymes to breakdown the neurotransmitter
37
Q

Types of synapses between neuromuscular junctions and cholinergic synapses

A
  • Neuromuscular junction -> excitatory

- cholinergic synapse -> excitatory or inhibitory

38
Q

Where are neuromuscular junctions and cholinergic synapses

A
  • neuromuscular junction -> links neurones to muscles

- cholinergic synapse -> neurones to neurones OR neurones to effector

39
Q

What sort of neurones are involved in neuromuscular junction and cholinergic synapses?

A
  • neuromuscular junction -> motor neurones

- cholinergic synapses -> motor, sensory and intermediate neurones

40
Q

What happens to the action potential in neuromuscular junctions and cholinergic synapses?

A
  • neuromuscular junction -> action potential ends

- cholinergic synapse -> action potential may be produced along another neurone

41
Q

Where does the acetylcholine bind to in neuromuscular junctions and cholinergic synapses?

A
  • neuromuscular junction -> bonds to receptors on the membrane of muscle fibres
  • cholinergic synapse -> binds to receptors on membrane of post- synaptic neurone

bio: section 6 (20 decks)

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