16.5 Control of blood water potential: Nephron

Question 1

What is osmoregulation

Answer 1

Homeostatic control of water potential of the blood

Question 2

Where are the kidneys found

Answer 2

Back of abdominal cavity, one on each side of spinal cord

Question 3

Kidney is made of:

What is the fibrous capsule

Answer 3

An outer membrane that protects the kidney

Question 4

Kidney is made of:

cortex

Answer 4

A lighter coloured outer region made up of renal Bowmans capsules, convoluted tubules and blood vessels

Question 5

Kidney is made of:

Medulla

Answer 5

A darker coloured inner region made up of loops of henley, collecting ducts and blood vessels

Question 6

Kidney is made of:

Renal pelvis

Answer 6

A funnel shaped cavity that collects urine into the ureter

Question 7

Kidney is made of:

Ureter

Answer 7

A tube that carries urine to the bladder

Question 8

Renal artery

Renal vein

Answer 8

Artery carries blood to kidneys from the heart via the aorta

Vein carries blood from kidneys to heart via vena cava

Question 9

What are nephrons

Answer 9

Basic structural units of kidneys, there are loads.
Closed on one end with two twisted regions separated by a long hairpin loop

Question 10

Nephrons made of:

Renal Bowmans capsule

Answer 10

• Closed end at the start of the nephron. It is cup shaped and surrounds a mass of blood capillaries known as the glomerulus.

The inner layer of it is made up of specialised cells called podocytes

Question 11

Nephrons made of:

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 11

Series of loops surrounded by blood capillaries. Its walls are made of epithelial cells which have microvilli

Question 12

Nephrons made of:

Loop of Henle

Answer 12

A long hairpin loop that extends from cortex into the medulla of the kidney and back again. It is surrounded by blood capillaries

Question 13

Nephrons made of:

Distal convoluted tubule

Answer 13

A series of loops surrounded by blood capillaries.
Its walls are made of epithelial cells but it is surrounded by fewer capillaries than proximal convoluted tubule

Question 14

Nephrons made of:

Collecting duct

Answer 14

A tube into which a number of distal convoluted tubules from a number of nephrons empty.
It is lined by epithelial cells and becomes increasingly wide as it empties into pelvis

Question 15

What is the afferent arteriole

Answer 15

A tiny vessel that ultimately arises from the renal artery and supplies the nephron with blood.

The afferent arteriole enters the renal capsule of the nephron where is forms the glomerulus

Question 16

What is the glomerulus

Answer 16

A many branched knot of capillaries from which fluid is forced out of the blood.
The glomerular capillaries recombine to form the efferent arteriole

Question 17

What is the efferent arteriole

Answer 17

A tiny vessel that leaves the renal capsule.

It has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole so causes an increase in blood pressure within the glomerulus.

The efferent arteriole carries blood away from the renal capsule and later branches to form the blood capillaries

Question 18

What are the blood capillaries

Answer 18

Concentrated network of capillaries that surrounds the convoluted tubule, the loop of henle, and the distal convoluted tubule from where they reabsorb mineral salts, glucose and water