16.2 Synthetic Routes Flashcards

1
Q

How do you get from an alkane to a haloalkane?

A

Halogen/UV

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2
Q

How do you get from an alkene to an alkane?

A

H2
Ni catalyst
150°C

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3
Q

How do you get from an alkene to a haloalkane?

A
Hydrogen halide 
Room temperature (20°C)
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4
Q

How do you get from a haloalkane to an alcohol?

A

Warm NaOH (aq) or KOH
H2O
Reflux

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5
Q

How do you get from an alcohol to a haloalkane?

A

Sodium halide
H2SO4
20°C

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6
Q

How do you get from an alkene to an alcohol?

A

H2O(g)(steam)
H3PO4 (phosphoric acid ) catalyst
300°C
60-70 atm

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7
Q

How do you get from an alcohol to an alkene?

A

Concentrated H2SO4 or H3PO4

Heat

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8
Q

How do you get from a primary alcohol to a carboxylic acid?

A

K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4

Reflux

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9
Q

How do you get from a primary alcohol to an aldehyde?

A

K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4

Distil

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10
Q

How do you get from a secondary alcohol to a ketone?

A

K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4

Reflux

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11
Q

Define target molecule?

A

Th compound that the chemist is attempting to prepare by organic synthesis

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12
Q

What are the steps to convert a starting molecule into the target molecule?

A

Identify the functional groups in your starting and target molecules

Identify the intermediate that links the starting and target molecules

State the reagents and conditions for each step

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13
Q

How do you get from an alkene to a dihaloalkane?

A

Halogen

20°C

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14
Q

What are the properties of alkanes and their typical reactions?

A

Non - polar, unreactive

Radical substitution

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15
Q

What are the properties of alkanes and their typical reactions?

A

Non polar
Electron rich double bond

Electrophilic addition

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16
Q

What are the properties of alcohols and their typical reactions?

A

Polar C-OH bond
Lone pair on O can act as a nucleophile

Nucleophilic substitution
Dehydration / elimination

17
Q

What are the properties of haloalkanes and their typical reactions?

A

Polar C-X bond

Nucleophilic substitution

18
Q

What are the properties of aldehydes/ketones and their typical reactions?

A

Polar C=O bond

Aldehydes will oxidise

19
Q

What are the properties of carboxylic acids and their typical reactions?

A

Electron deficient carbon centre

Esterification

20
Q

Why might a chemist want to devise a synthetic route?

A

To design medicines