16.1

Question 1

An acid is a substance that, when…

Answer 1

dissolved in water, increases the concentration of H+ ions.

Question 2

A base is a substance that, when…

Answer 2

dissolved in water, increases the concentration of OH- ions.

Question 3

An acid is a…

Answer 3

proton donor

Question 4

A base is a…

Answer 4

proton acceptor

Question 5

Water is amphiprotic. What does this mean

Answer 5

It can act as a base and an acid depending on the equation

Question 6

In an equation, Acid turns into …
Base to…

Answer 6

Acid to … conjugate base (conjugate base loses an H compared to acid)
Base to…conjugate acid (conjugate acid gains an H compared to base)

Question 7

Stronger​ acid + Stronger base =

Answer 7

Weaker base + weaker acid

Question 8

Weaker​ acid + Weaker​ base =

Answer 8

stronger​ acid + stronger abse

Question 9

Water is amphoteric.​
In pure water, a few molecules act as bases and a few act as acids.​
This is referred to as…

Answer 9

autoionization

Question 10

1. If a solution is neutral…
2. If a solution is acidic…
3. If a solution is basic…

Answer 10

1. [H+] = [OH-]
2. [H+] > [OH-]
3. [H+] < [OH-]

Question 11

Two ways to measure pH is with a…

Answer 11

pH meter
pH meters are used for accurate measurement of pH; electrodes indicate small changes in voltage to detect pH.​

Another method is with indicators.​
They give less accurate, but quick measurements.​
An indicator is a compound that has one color in its acid form and another color in its basic form.​

Question 12

The larger the value of Ka…

Answer 12

The stronger the acid

Question 13

Polyprotic acids have more than…

Answer 13

one acidic proton.​
It is always easier to remove the first proton than any successive proton.​

Question 14

Salts are…

Answer 14

by-products of neutralization reactions.
They can be made by many other reactions. ​
The main product of the neutralization reaction is water.​

Question 15

Salts are

Answer 15

ionic compounds and many ions are acidic or basic!​

Question 16

The cation can be…

Answer 16

acidic or neutral.

Question 17

The anion can be…

Answer 17

acidic, basic, or neutral.​

Question 18

Anions of strong acids (conjugate bases of strong acids) are…

Answer 18

neutral

Question 19

Anions of weak acids (conjugate bases of weak acids) are…

Answer 19

basic

Question 20

Transition and post-transition metal cations are…

Answer 20

acidic

Question 21

Polyatomic cations are typically…

Answer 21

the conjugate acids of a weak base, so they are acidic (ex. NH4+)

Question 22

In the period, polarity is more important, as the electronegativity of A increases…

Answer 22

Acid strength increases

Question 23

Two contributions to H-A strength

Answer 23

H—A bond polarity: H-A bond must be polarized with δ+ on the H atom and δ– on the A atom. ​

Bond strength: weaker H-A bonds can be broken more easily, making the acid stronger.​

Question 24

In the group, bond strength is more important, going down in the group…

Answer 24

acid strength increases (longer bonds are weaker).

Question 25

1. Oxyacids consist of…
2. Generally, as the electronegativity of the nonmetal (X) increases

Answer 25

1. H, O, and one other element, which typically is a nonmetal.​
2. the acidity increases for acids with the same structure.​

Question 26

Oxyacids:
If the oxidation number increases…

Answer 26

the acidity increases

Question 27

Carboxylic acids are…

Answer 27

organic acids containing the —COOH group​

Question 28

A Brønsted–Lowry (B-L) acid must have

Answer 28

at least one removable (acidic) proton (H+) to donate.​

Question 29

A Brønsted–Lowry (B-L) base

Answer 29

must have at least one nonbonding pair of electrons to accept a proton (H+).​