16 - Vaccination Programs for Dogs Flashcards
What are the 4 core canine vaccines?
Canine Distemper (MLV/recombinant)
Canine Adenovirus -2 (MLV, also protection against infectious canin hepatitis and CAV-1)
Canine parvovirus -2 (MLV)
Rabies (killed)
+/- Parainfluenza
What are infectious vaccines?
All core vaccines except rabies are infectious MLV or recombinant viral vx’s
Vx virus must infect host cells are and more effective than killed vx’s
Prod same types of immunity as a natural infection
Risk of virulence - early vx (<1960) could be virulent
Increased risk of adverse reactions if administered improperly
In terms of infectious vaccines, what should we be aware of in terms of stability?
infectious vx’s are less stable than killed
ensure vx’s stored properly
only remove from refrigerator immediately b4 use
use within 1 hr of reconstitution
ensure administration site is clean - reduce risk of introducing bacteria (and abscess formation)
Why might we have vaccine protocols?
bc colostral immunity interferes w/ vaccine
a minimum of 3 doses (SQ) in pups to ensure that at least 1 dose is effective
start 6-8 weeks, then every 3-4wks until puppy is at least 16 weeks
What is the onset of immunity?
typically 7 days
non-responders are 1-2 per 10,000 dogs
Why are booster vaccines effective?
revax at 1 yr of age then every 1-3yrs,
viral, infectious, vaccines often last for life
single dose of an infectious vaccine is effective regardless of time from a previous vx if initial series was complete
When should we vaccinate for rabies?
NEVER before 3 months of age (usually at 4 months)
no risk of colostral Ig interfering with vaccine
allow 1 month for immunity to develop after first vaccination - certificate only valid after 4 wks
Gains immediate immunity if appropriately timed booster dose (certificate immediately valid)
May also be used in LA in a 2mL dose
What are some optional vaccines?
Canine parainfluenza (MLV, parenteral vx) to prevent signs but not infection or shedding
Canine parainfluenza combined w/ bordetella (MLV, IN) - can be administered as early as 4 wks of age, onset of immunity as early as 48 hours following administration - protects 12 to 14 months to prevent signs, infection and shedding
Kennel cough, what type of vaccine is used, administration, things to be aware about?
Bordetella bronchiseptica, live avirulent IN combo with CPiV
- No interference from colostral immunity, can be given as early as 3-4 weeks of age, may prod mild symptoms, best and earliest protection, antibodies appear in nose at 4d.+, also stimulates systemic immunity (all Ig classes), only need 1 dose for initial vaccination regardless of age of first dose, typically given 1 week, no more than 6 mo prior to boarding.
What are the differences in bordetella oral and parenteral vaccines?
Oral - Live avirulent - no interference from colostral immunity, not as protective as IN vaccine, may cause severe dz if given systemically
Killed (inactivated) - parenteral (SQ)
<1 yr of immunity, easiest to reliably administer, need 2 doses 2-4 wks apart after initial vx, duration of immunity is not available, ok if used as a booster following initial vx w/ IN vc
What are some optional non-core vaccines in dogs?
Parainfluenza, canine influenza(killed0< borelia burgdorferi(killed0, leptospira (4way not 2 way, killed or subunit), lyme dz
When should we vaccinated with killed vaccines?
vx’s are less effective and have shorter duration of immunity than core MLV vaccines
best vaccinated prior to high-risk season/event
Given SQ or IM (never orally or IN)
never b4 6 weeks, usually after 16 weeks of age - no interference due to passive immunity, immune system more mature
Initial immunity: 2 doses, if do not come back within 6wks of first dose, need another 2, finish series 2-4 weeks before likely exposure to dz
When do we boost for leptospirosis, lyme, and canine influenza?
often require an annual booster - if miss may require 2 vx’s
leptospirosis, lyme dz - 2 vaccinations if >24 mos
canine influenza - 2vx if >36wks
