1.6 (Topic 1) Flashcards
State the function of mitosis.
The function of mitosis is to create two daughter cells with genetically identical nuclei as the parent cell
List four processes which involve mitosis
Tissue repair/ replacement
Organismal growth
Asexual production
Development (of embryos)
State the names of the four phases of mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Draw typical eukaryotic cells as they would appear during the interphase
Nucleus intact
Nucleolus visible
DNA as chromatin
DNA is unreplicated
Draw typical eukaryotic cells as they would appear during the prophase
Nuclear membrane breaking down Nucleolus fading DNA supercoiling into the chromosome Spindle fibers form Centrioles move towards cell poles
Draw typical eukaryotic cells as they would appear during the metaphase
Replicated chromosomes align at the cell equator
Draw typical eukaryotic cells as they would appear during the anaphase
Identical chromatids (now individual unreplicated chromosomes) are pulled towards the poles of the cell
Draw typical eukaryotic cells as they would appear during the telophase
Nuclear membrane reforming
Nucleolus reforming
DNA recoiling to become chromatin
Spindle fibers degrade
Outline the process of metaphase, inclusive of the role of microtubules and the kinetochore.
- Replicated chromosomes align at the cell equator
- a protein complex called the kinetochore located at the centromere is connected to microtubules (a type of spindle fiber)
Outline the process of anaphase.
Identical chromatids (now individual unreplicated chromosomes) are pulled towards the poles of the cell
Outline four events that occur during telophase.
Nuclear membrane reforming
Nucleolus reforming
DNA uncoiling to become chromatin
Spindle fibers degrade
Describe the structure of a replicated chromosome, including the centromere and sister chromatids.
- Chromosomes are supercoiled strands of DNA
- Replicated chromosomes mean that there are identical copies of DNA called sister chromatids (formed during DNA replication in S phase) attached to each other at the centromere
Explain why chromosomes must condense during mitosis.
To condense means to make DNA denser, or more tightly packed. DNA condenses during mitosis so that it can more easily be moved to the poles of the cell without getting tangled and/or broken
Define cytokinesis.
Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm of a parent cell into two daughter cells
State the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis.
Mitosis refers to the division of the nucleus (nuclear DNA) whereas cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm (and organelles in it).