1.4 Vocabulary

Question 1

transport vesicles (vesicle movement)

Answer 1

can move molecules between locations inside the cell (proteins from ER to Golgi)

Question 2

secretory vesicles (vesicle movement

Answer 2

can move molecules from inside the cell to outside of the cell (to secrete a protein hormone)

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

transcription of DNA, creating mRNA

Question 4

rough ER

Answer 4

translation of mRNA at a ribosome on the ER, creating a protein

Question 5

transport vesicle

Answer 5

packaging of the protein into a transport vesicle

Question 6

golgi (organelles)

Answer 6

transport protein inside vesicle to golgi, modification of protein in the golgi

Question 7

secretory vesicles (organelles)

Answer 7

packing of protein

Question 8

cell membrane (organelles)

Answer 8

secretion of protein when vesicle fuses within membrane during exocytosis

Question 9

sodium potassium pump action (steps)

Answer 9

1. three sodium ions bind with protein pump inside the cell
2. protein pump is phosphorylated by ATP and changes shape
3. by changing shape, three sodium ions are released outside the cell
4. two potassium ions from outside bind to the protein pump
5. inorganic phosphate released from pump, restoring original shape of protein
6. potassium ions released inside the cell, process repeats

Question 10

channel proteins (1.3 transport proteins)

Answer 10

used for passive transport of molecules as they move across the bilayer from higher to lower concentration

Question 11

pump proteins (1.3 transport proteins)

Answer 11

used for active transport of molecules as they move across the bilayer from lower to higher concentration

Question 12

exocytosis

Answer 12

large substances exit the cell without crossing the membrane

Question 13

endocytosis

Answer 13

large substances enter the cell with crossing the membrane

Question 14

channel proteins

Answer 14

only move molecules along a concentration gradient, faster rate of transport than carrier proteins, ion-selective and may be gated to regulate the passage of ions in response to certain stimuli

Question 15

isotonic

Answer 15

same solute and same solvent,

same solute concentration = no net water flow

Question 16

hypertonic

Answer 16

more solutes less solvents

high solute concentration = gains water

Question 17

hypotonic

Answer 17

fewer solutes more solvents

low solute concentration = loses water

Question 18

active transport

Answer 18

molecules move from low to high concentration, against gradient, requires energy

Question 19

passive transport

Answer 19

molecules move from high to low concentration with the gradient, does not require energy

Question 20

osmosis

Answer 20

the net movement of water molecules across a semi permeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration region

Question 21

diffusion

Answer 21

the net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

Question 22

peripheral protein

Answer 22

temporarily attached by non covalent interactions and associate with one surface of the membrane

Question 23

integral protein

Answer 23

permanently attacked to the lipid bilayer

controls the entry and removal of specific molecules from the cell

Question 24

hydrophilic

Answer 24

loves/attracted to water

Question 25

hydrophobic

Answer 25

repels water

Question 26

fluid mosaic model

Answer 26

cell/plasma membrane are fluid
they are not fixed in place, they shift around
mosaic refers to lack of uniformity in a membrane

Question 27

cholesterol

Answer 27

maintains stability
amphipathic
has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions

Question 28

phospholipid

Answer 28

amphiphilic molecules with hydrophobic fatty acid chains and hydrophobic moieties