1.6 Performance Characteristics of Woods Flashcards by Bhakti Patel

Describe rough sawn

Wood that comes direct from seasoning and has rough surfaces produced during initial conversion

Has nominal sizes rather than accurate finished sizes and is the cheapest stock form

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Describe planed square edge (PSE)

Wood only has one edge that is planed accurately; the rest are rough sawn

Planing removes about 3mm from the original nominal size

Example
Original size: 25mm x 50mm
Planed size: 22mm x 47mm

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Describe planed all round (PAR)

Wood has sides and edges that are all planed square, straight and level, leaving a smooth finish

About 3mm smaller all round than the original rough-sawn and most expensive

Example
Original size: 25mm x 50mm
Planed size: 19mm x 44mm

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State the three types of woods

Natural wood
Manufactured boards
Mouldings

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Describe natural wood

Only available at the maximum width of the tree
To produce wider, planks need to be joined together

Planks should be joined with the end grain going in different directions to avoid distortion

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Describe manufactured boards and give standard sizes

Man-made and produced in large sheets typically 1220x2440

Wide surfaces can be joined without the need for joining processes

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Describe mouldings

Premade such as skirting boards or wooden trims available in standard lengths

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Give four facts about air seasoning

Wood is stacked in a shelter outside, protected from the rain
Air circulates between planks to remove excess moisture
Slow, up to one year, and inexpensive
Used for outdoor products

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Give four facts about kiln seasoning

Wood is stacked on trolleys
Kiln dried
Quick, only a few weeks & cheap
Used for indoor products

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Why is wood seasoned?

gives greater immunity from decay and increased resistance to rot
Increases strength and stability
Helps preservatives to penetrate
Makes wood less corrosive to metals

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Define hardwood and give three examples

A wood from broadleaved (deciduous) trees.

Oak
Ash
Mahogany
Teak
Birch
Beech

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State three properties/characteristics of oak

Tough
Hard
Durable
Good weather resistance
Contains tannic acid, which will corrode steel screws or fixings

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State two uses of oak

Furniture
Flooring
Construction, boat building, and carpentry

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State three properties/characteristics of ash

Tough
Open grained
Flexible
Can be bend if streamed

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State two uses of ash

Tool handles
Laminates
Sport equipment

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State three properties/characteristics of mahogany

Durable
Interlocking grains (which could make it difficult to work)
Excellent for carving
Finishes well

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State two uses of mahogany

Outdoor furniture
Good quality furniture
Veneers

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State three properties/characteristics of teak

Tough
Hard
Straight grains
Natural oils (resist to moisture, acids, and alkalis)

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State two uses of teak

Outdoor furniture
- Traditional boat decks

State three properties/characteristics of birch

Hard
Straight close-grained
Resists warping

State two uses of birch

Furniture
Veneers
Indoor paneling

State three properties/characteristics of beech

Tough
Hard
Close grained

State two uses of beech

Furniture
Toys
Kitchen utensils
Tools handle

Define softwood and give three examples

a
Wood from a coniferous tree

Pine
Spruce
Douglas fir
Larch
Cedar

State three properties/characteristics of pine

Easy to work with Relatively cheap May contain knots that will weaken the wood Straight grains

State two uses of pine

Building frames and construction Furniture (needs protection if used outside) Window frames, roofing, floors, and paneling

State three properties/characteristics of spruce

Straight grains Resistance to splitting Easy to saw

State two uses of spruce

Factory flooring and building/construction - Indoor furniture

State three properties/characteristics of Douglas fir

Good resistance to corrosion Straight or slightly wavy grain Few knots Stable

State two uses of Douglas firj

Decking Furniture Beams

State three properties/characteristics of larch

Tough Hard Attractive grain pattern Fades to silver (grey) upon exposure outside (sunlight)

State two uses of larch

Garden furniture Fencing Cladding decking

State three properties/characteristics of cedar

Straight grain Can corrode ferrous metals due to their acidic nature Low density Insect resistant

State two uses of cedar

Sheds, greenhouses, beehives Exterior cladding Interior paneling

Define manufactured boards and give three examples

A man-made wood-based composite material Plywood Marine plywood Aeroply Flexible plywood Chipboard MDF

State three properties/characteristics of plywood

Strong in every direction No grain weakness Always has an odd number of layers

State two uses of plywood

Structural work Desktops Indoor furniture Floorboards

State three properties/characteristics of marine plywood

Similar construction to plywood Moisture resistance Resistant to fungal attack Quite expensive

State two uses of marine plywood

Boat dashboards Boat lockers Panelling

State three properties/characteristics of aeroply

Plywood made from high quality timber, such as birch Available in very thin sheets Lightweight Easy to bend around a support frame

State two uses of aeroply

Gliders Laminated furniture Laser cut projects Jewellery items

State one property/characteristic of flexible plywood

two outer layers made from open-grained timber, which allows the sheet to flex

State two uses of flexible plywood

Laminated furniture - Curved panels

State two properties/characteristics of chipboard

Made from wood chips bonded with resin under pressure Not very resilient without surface treatment Durability is improved with veneers or a hard-wearing paint

State two uses of chipboard

Often veneered or covered with a polymer laminate Kitchen worktops and units Shelving and ‘flat pack’ furniture

State two properties/characteristics of MDF

Made from fine wood dust particles bonded with resin under pressure Not very resilient without surface treatment Durability is improved with veneers or a hard-wearing paint

State two uses of MDF

Model/mould making - Furniture items such as bookcases, cabinets and desks