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dt > 1.19 Uses of Finishes > Flashcards

1.19 Uses of Finishes Flashcards

1
Q

Paper and Board Finishing

Lamination via encapsulation

A

A desktop laminator and the sheet of paper is encapsulated by a polymer pouch or film roll

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2
Q

Paper and Board Finishing

Lamination via a surface coating

A

Liquid lamination (for signage) or film lamination (meu cards)

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3
Q

Paper and Board Finishing

Embossing

A

Creates a raised design on the surface of the paper or card to give a visual and tactile effect (greetings cards, chocolate box lettering)

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4
Q

Paper and Board Finishing

Debossing

A

Produces an imprinted depression that sits below the surface of the paper or card

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5
Q

Paper and Board Finishing

UV varnishing

A

Provides a very smooth finish, usually high gloss or matt and chemcial resistant. Applied to a sheet via a set of rollers, then passed under UV light to cure

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6
Q

Paper and Board Finishing

Spot varnishing

A

Applied in specific areas or spots rather than to the whole surface area

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7
Q

Paper and Board Finishing

Foil blocking

A

Heat and pressure applied to a metallic paper (foil) to create areas of depth and texture to add aesthetic impact

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8
Q

Paper and Board Printing

Screen Printing

A
  • Can be carried out in a workshop with minimal set-up costs due to the use of basic screens and printing inks
  • A different is required for each colour
    -Quite a slow process with a reasonably high cost per product
    -Used for small print runs of items such as posters, display boards and textile T-shirts
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9
Q

Q
Paper and Board Printing

Flexographic printing

A

-Four colours (cyan, magenta, yellow, key (black)) are printed on top of one another in various quanties on to the substrate surface to create the print colour required.
-It is used for newspapers, comics, catalogues, folding packaging cartons, labels, carrier bags and continous pattern products such as wallpaper and gift wrap.

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10
Q

Paper and Board Printing

Advantages of flexographic printing

A

-High print speed
-Ideally suited for the long run
-Prints on a wide variety of substrate materials
-Low cost of equipment and consumables
-Low maintenance

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11
Q

Paper and Board Printing

Disadvantages of flexographic printing

A

-The cost of the printing plates is relatively high, but they last for millions of print runs
-Takes a large amount of substrate to set up the job; excess material may be wasted
-Time consuming to change for any alterations to the print content

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12
Q

Paper and Board Printing

Offset lithographic printing

A

-Extremely versatile printing process of producing one colour, five colours and a ten colours
-Used for printing medium and long print runs of products such as books, business forms and documentation, magazines, posters and packaging.

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13
Q

Paper and Board Printing

Advantages of offset lithographic printing

A

-Consistently high image quality
-Suited to higher-volume print runs of 1000 or more
-Quick and easy production of printing plates
-Long life of printing plates because they only come into contact with the printing blanket, which is softer and less abrasive than substrate

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14
Q

Paper and Board Printing

Disadvantage of offset lithographic

A

Expensive set-up and running costs for small quantities

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15
Q

Paper and Board Printing

Digital printing

A

-Produces full-colour, highly detailed print runs with the option of different designs on each page, both front and reverse sides
-Widely utilised resources for printing products, due to their speed and efficiency
-Can be used for low and high volume print runs
-Used for mass customisation, such as the printing of specific names on drinks cans.

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16
Q

Polymer Finishing

Overmoulding

A

Overmoudling is moulding a second polymer over specific parts of a products

-TPE (thermoplastic elastomer) is often used
-Overmouldings provide areas of grip or texture
-Overmoulding can highlight different colours for different component Polymer Finishing parts on the product

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17
Q

Polymer Finishing

Two injection moulding moulds

A

-One mould for the product and one mould for the grip areas
-Product is injection moulded, then placed into a second mould where the overmoulding polymer is injection-moulded on to the body

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18
Q

Polymer Finishing

Twin-shot injection moulding

A

-The injection moulding machine has a mould designed to produce the product in one cycle
-The mould has two separate component cavities and can be rotated through 180° so that they line up with the twin injection points
-First, the main product part is created in the first mould cavity
-The mould opens slightly and rotates 180° to the secondary position
-The mould closes and the second injection applies the overmould

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19
Q

Polymer Finishing

Acrylic spray paints

A

-Fast-drying
-Water-soluble paint
-Water resistant when dry
-Improves aesthetics and provides additional protection against the effects of UV light and weathering
-Often used for mass customisation, particularly in the automotive industry, such as colour coding bumpers and wing mirrors on cars.

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20
Q

Polymer Finishing

Adding pigments

A

-Provide colour to the polymer
-Smart pigments such as thermochromic or phosphorescent pigments can be added
-Can also be added to gel coats when laying up GRP

21
Q

Metal finishing

Cellulose and acrylic paints

A

-Provide colour and a textured finish
-Provide a barrier against corrosion
-Specialist paints provide texture or special graphic effects such as pearlescence
-Primarily used on low-cost metals such as steel.

22
Q

Metal finishing

State the method of application of cellulose and acrylic paints

A

-Paints are primarily used on low-cost metals such as steel. The surface of the metal is cleaned and degreased, which ensures that the primer coat has a sound surface to ‘key’ (or grip) to
-Red oxide primer is often used, followed by an undercoat in a similar colour to the final top coats
-Paints can be applied by brush or spray

23
Q

Metal finishing

Electroplating

A

-A protective layer, a more hardwearing finish, and enhanced aesthetics
-The product and donor material are placed in a container with an electrolyte solution. As the direct current is applied, the product attracts the donor metal and the product is electroplated.
-Metals for electroplating include sliver, gold, zinc, copper and tin

24
Q

Metal finishing

State the method of application of electroplating

A

-The product and donor material are placed in a container with an electrolyte solution
-As the direct current is applied, the product attracts the donor metal and the product is electroplated
-Metals used are sliver, gold, zinc, copper and tin

25
Q

Metal finishing

Polymer dip coating

A

Used on products such as wire coat hangers, kitchen dish drainers, coat hooks, dishwasher racks, and outdoor play equipment frames

26
Q

Metal finishing

State the method of application of polymer dip coating

A

-The metal product is heated to approximately 230°C
-The hot product is then dipped into a tank of fine polymer powder, which has air blowing through it (fluidisation bath) to provide an even coating on the product.
-The retained head from the product melts the polymer powder over the product, which is then air cooled allowing the coating to set evenly

27
Q

Metal finishing

Metaldip coating

A

1) Provides a barrier against corrosion
2) Tin plating: often used to provide a non-corrosive coating to food cans
3) Zinc plating: used for many industrial and agricultural applications such as beams, gates, and animal pens. Also, like the first protective layer in car bodies made from low carbon steel.

28
Q

Metal finishing

State the method of application of metaldip coating

A

-Metals are coated by dipping the product into a tank of molten plating metal (the donor metal)
-The metals must be clean and degreased
Tin plating:
* pass sheets of steel through a tank of molten tin at approximately 320°C
Zinc plating (galvanising):
* dipping steel into molten zinc at approximately 460°C

29
Q

Metal finishing

Powder coating

A

-Protection from corrosion and aesthetic appeal, more hardwearing than paint
-Used on washing machine bodies, dishwasher bodies and refrigerator bodies, metal gates, fencing, and railings.

30
Q

Metal finishing

State the method of application of powder coating

A

-The product to be coated is statically charged (negative)
-Thermoset polymer resin (positively charged) is then sprayed through an airgun
-The use of charge results in a strong attraction between the powder and the product
-The product is then baked in a oven; the heat melts the powder over the product to give an even coating

31
Q

Metal finishing

Metal varnishing

A

Metal finishing

Metal varnishing

32
Q

Metal finishing

State the method of application of metal varnishing

A

The metal is polished to a shine and any surface grease removed
The varnish is then applied by either a spray or with a fine brush

33
Q

Metal finishing

Sealants

A

Tough polymer-based sealant coatings to protect polished surfaces from decay and tarnishing.
Often used in the automotive industry against the effects of weathering, road salts, and insect attack

34
Q

Metal finishing

State the method of application of sealants

A

The sealant is applied with a cloth or machine pad to produce a film that is then allowed to cure for up 15 minutes
It is then buffed with a cloth to a shone

35
Q

Metal finishing

Preservatives

A

1) Can provide temporary in-processes or final post-processing, medium to long term protection for metal surfaces
2) Often used on moulds and dies for preventing fingerprints showing on surfaces, minor atmospheric corrosion, or condensation build-up

36
Q

Metal finishing

State the method of application of preservatives

A

Applied by wiping on with a cloth, spray, or immersion of the product
Silicon sealants can also be classed as preservatives and can be used on machine beds to provide a smooth, snag-free surface to allow materials to be pushed across the bed more easily and safety

37
Q

Metal finishing

Anodising

A

Commonly used for aluminium products to enhance the natural oxide layer, resulting in increased hardness and toughness
Can also provide colour
Used in the outer casings of torches, external hard drives covers, and casings for mobile phones or digital music players

38
Q

Metal finishing

State the method of application of anodising

A

The electric current passes through the sulphuric acid electrolyte solution from the part to be treated to a negative cathode
As the current flows from the part to be treated (positive anode) to the negative cathode, the aluminium oxide layer builds upon the treated part, producing the anodised finish
Anodised products can then be finished with a clear lacquer or varnish to seal the finish and provide further protection against surface scratches

39
Q

Wood finishing

Polyurethane varnish/acrylic varnish

A

Provides a hard, tough, heatproof, waterproof finish
- Clear finish allows the grain of the wood to be seen through the finish

40
Q

Metal finishing

Cathodic protection

A

A method used to control the rate of corrosion of metals

41
Q

Wood finishing

Water-based paints

A

Paint provides both protection and colour. It can be applied for both indoor and outdoor use and is predominantly used for softwoods
Paint makes surfaces more aesthetically pleasing, tougher, harder and resistant to moisture

42
Q

Wood finishing

Stains

A

Help colour and enhance the grain
Stains can be used to colour an inexpensive wood to make it look more expensive or to add colour
Stains do not have any specific protective properties

43
Q

Wood finishing

Colour wash

A

Used to help colour the wood to make it more aesthetically pleasing or to add a vintage style while allowing the grain to show

44
Q

Wood finishing

Wax

A

Can be buffed to provide a high gloss finish
Increases the surface hardness and toughness
Clear finish allows the grain of the wood to be seen through the finish

45
Q

Wood finishing

Yacht varnish

A

Suitable for woods that are outside all year round such as doors, window frames or boat parts
Increases toughness, hardness, and weather resistance

46
Q

Wood finishing

Teak oil

A

Primarily used for outdoor wood products to improve weather resistance and resistance to fungal and insect attack
Aesthetically pleasing as grain is enhanced

47
Q

Wood finishing

Pressure-treating

A

Helps protect the wood for up to 50 years from rot, insect and fungal attack, and weathering
Suitable for products such as decking, overhead cable poles, harbour or bridge construction

48
Q

Wood finishing

Danish oil

A

Maintains the natural appearance of the timber, soaks into the wood, and enhances the grain
Not a hardwearing finish but regular application and subsequent coats build up a matt, water-resistant finish

49
Q

Wood finishing

Yacht varnish

A

Suitable for woods that are outside all year round such as doors, window frames or boat parts
Increases toughness, hardness, and weather resistance

dt (20 decks)

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