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AQA A-Level Design & Technology: Product Design > 1.6 Performance Characteristics of Woods > Flashcards

1.6 Performance Characteristics of Woods Flashcards

1
Q

Describe rough sawn

A

Wood that comes direct from seasoning and has rough surfaces produced during initial conversion

Has nominal sizes rather than accurate finished sizes and is the cheapest stock form

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2
Q

Describe planed square edge (PSE)

A

Wood only has one edge that is planed accurately; the rest are rough sawn

Planing removes about 3mm from the original nominal size

Example
Original size: 25mm x 50mm
Planed size: 22mm x 47mm

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3
Q

Describe planed all round (PAR)

A

Wood has sides and edges that are all planed square, straight and level, leaving a smooth finish

About 3mm smaller all round than the original rough-sawn and most expensive

Example
Original size: 25mm x 50mm
Planed size: 19mm x 44mm

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4
Q

State the three types of woods

A
  • Natural wood
  • Manufactured boards
  • Mouldings
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5
Q

Describe natural wood

A

Only available at the maximum width of the tree
To produce wider, planks need to be joined together

Planks should be joined with the end grain going in different directions to avoid distortion

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6
Q

Describe manufactured boards and give standard sizes

A

Man-made and produced in large sheets typically 1220x2440

Wide surfaces can be joined without the need for joining processes

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7
Q

Describe mouldings

A

Premade such as skirting boards or wooden trims available in standard lengths

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8
Q

Give four facts about air seasoning

A
  • Wood is stacked in a shelter outside, protected from the rain
  • Air circulates between planks to remove excess moisture
  • Slow, up to one year, and inexpensive
  • Used for outdoor products
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9
Q

Give four facts about kiln seasoning

A
  • Wood is stacked on trolleys
  • Kiln dried
  • Quick, only a few weeks & cheap
  • Used for indoor products
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10
Q

Why is wood seasoned?

A
  • gives greater immunity from decay and increased resistance to rot
  • Increases strength and stability
  • Helps preservatives to penetrate
  • Makes wood less corrosive to metals
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11
Q

Define hardwood and give three examples

A

A wood from broadleaved (deciduous) trees.

  • Oak
  • Ash
  • Mahogany
  • Teak
  • Birch
  • Beech
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12
Q

State three properties/characteristics of oak

A
  • Tough
  • Hard
  • Durable
  • Good weather resistance
  • Contains tannic acid, which will corrode steel screws or fixings
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13
Q

State two uses of oak

A
  • Furniture
  • Flooring
  • Construction, boat building, and carpentry
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14
Q

State three properties/characteristics of ash

A
  • Tough
  • Open grained
  • Flexible
  • Can be bend if streamed
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15
Q

State two uses of ash

A
  • Tool handles
  • Laminates
  • Sport equipment
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16
Q

State three properties/characteristics of mahogany

A
  • Durable
  • Interlocking grains (which could make it difficult to work)
  • Excellent for carving
  • Finishes well
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17
Q

State two uses of mahogany

A
  • Outdoor furniture
  • Good quality furniture
  • Veneers
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18
Q

State three properties/characteristics of teak

A
  • Tough
  • Hard
  • Straight grains
  • Natural oils (resist to moisture, acids, and alkalis)
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19
Q

State two uses of teak

A
  • Outdoor furniture

- Traditional boat decks

20
Q

State three properties/characteristics of birch

A
  • Hard
  • Straight close-grained
  • Resists warping
21
Q

State two uses of birch

A
  • Furniture
  • Veneers
  • Indoor paneling
22
Q

State three properties/characteristics of beech

A
  • Tough
  • Hard
  • Close grained
23
Q

State two uses of beech

A
  • Furniture
  • Toys
  • Kitchen utensils
  • Tools handle
24
Q

Define softwood and give three examples

A

Wood from a coniferous tree

  • Pine
  • Spruce
  • Douglas fir
  • Larch
  • Cedar
25
Q

State three properties/characteristics of pine

A
  • Easy to work with
  • Relatively cheap
  • May contain knots that will weaken the wood
  • Straight grains
26
Q

State two uses of pine

A
  • Building frames and construction
  • Furniture (needs protection if used outside)
  • Window frames, roofing, floors, and paneling
27
Q

State three properties/characteristics of spruce

A
  • Straight grains
  • Resistance to splitting
  • Easy to saw
28
Q

State two uses of spruce

A
  • Factory flooring and building/construction

- Indoor furniture

29
Q

State three properties/characteristics of Douglas fir

A
  • Good resistance to corrosion
  • Straight or slightly wavy grain
  • Few knots
  • Stable
30
Q

State two uses of Douglas fir

A
  • Building and construction
  • Balconies, stairs, flooring, wall paneling
  • Veneers
31
Q

State three properties/characteristics of larch

A
  • Tough
  • Hard
  • Attractive grain pattern
  • Fades to silver (grey) upon exposure outside (sunlight)
32
Q

State two uses of larch

A
  • Garden furniture
  • Fencing
  • Cladding decking
33
Q

State three properties/characteristics of cedar

A
  • Straight grain
  • Can corrode ferrous metals due to their acidic nature
  • Low density
  • Insect resistant
34
Q

State two uses of cedar

A
  • Sheds, greenhouses, beehives
  • Exterior cladding
  • Interior paneling
35
Q

Define manufactured boards and give three examples

A

A man-made wood-based composite material

  • Plywood
  • Marine plywood
  • Aeroply
  • Flexible plywood
  • Chipboard
  • MDF
36
Q

State three properties/characteristics of plywood

A
  • Strong in every direction
  • No grain weakness
  • Always has an odd number of layers
37
Q

State two uses of plywood

A
  • Structural work
  • Desktops
  • Indoor furniture
  • Floorboards
38
Q

State three properties/characteristics of marine plywood

A
  • Similar construction to plywood
  • Moisture resistance
  • Resistant to fungal attack
  • Quite expensive
39
Q

State two uses of marine plywood

A
  • Boat dashboards
  • Boat lockers
  • Panelling
40
Q

State three properties/characteristics of aeroply

A
  • Plywood made from high quality timber, such as birch
  • Available in very thin sheets
  • Lightweight
  • Easy to bend around a support frame
41
Q

State two uses of aeroply

A
  • Gliders
  • Laminated furniture
  • Laser cut projects
  • Jewellery items
42
Q

State one property/characteristic of flexible plywood

A
  • two outer layers made from open-grained timber, which allows the sheet to flex
43
Q

State two uses of flexible plywood

A
  • Laminated furniture

- Curved panels

44
Q

State two properties/characteristics of chipboard

A
  • Made from wood chips bonded with resin under pressure
  • Not very resilient without surface treatment
  • Durability is improved with veneers or a hard-wearing paint
45
Q

State two uses of chipboard

A
  • Often veneered or covered with a polymer laminate
  • Kitchen worktops and units
  • Shelving and ‘flat pack’ furniture
46
Q

State two properties/characteristics of MDF

A
  • Made from fine wood dust particles bonded with resin under pressure
  • Not very resilient without surface treatment
  • Durability is improved with veneers or a hard-wearing paint
47
Q

State two uses of MDF

A
  • Model/mould making

- Furniture items such as bookcases, cabinets and desks

AQA A-Level Design & Technology: Product Design (52 decks)

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