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Yr11 Double Award Biology > 1.6 Nervous system and hormones > Flashcards

1.6 Nervous system and hormones Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a voluntary response

A

Under concious control - brain involved

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2
Q

What is a reflex action

A

Automatic
does not involve the brain/concious control

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3
Q

What is the order of a reflex arc

A

Stimulus - Receptor - Sensory Neurone - Association Neurone- Motor Neurone - Effector Muscle - Response

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4
Q

Where are the association neurones found

A

In the Central nervous system

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5
Q

What are some of the features of a neurone

A

Long to carry impulse quickly
Have insulating sheath - to increase speed of transmission of impulse
Branched nerve endings - so messages can get to other parts of body rapidly

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6
Q

Where in the spinal cord do the 3 neurones meet

A

The grey matter

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7
Q

What is the gap called between neurones

A

Synapse

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8
Q

What happens in the synapse

A

When the electrical impulse arrives at the end of the neurone a chemical (neurotransmitter) is released
this passes or diffuses across the synapse
If enough passes across the synapse to the next neurone it will start an impuse in the next neurone

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9
Q

What is a hormone

A

A chemical
Made in a gland
Released into the blood stream
travels to target ORGAN

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10
Q

What is the name of the hormone that regulates blood glucose levels

A

Insulin

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11
Q

Where is insulin made

A

Pancreas

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12
Q

When is more insulin released

A

When person has eaten a meal

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13
Q

What is the target organ of insulin

A

Liver

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14
Q

What effect does insulin have on muscle cells and liver

A

Liver and muscle cells absorb more glucose
More respiration occurs
Liver cells also store glucose as GLYCOGEN

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15
Q

If blood glucose levels drop what happens to insulin

A

Pancreas detects low levels of glucose
Less insulin is released

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16
Q

What is the condition caused by pancreas not functioning properly

A

Diabetes

17
Q

How is Diabetes 1 different to Diabetes 2

A

Diabetes 1 is caused by pancreas producing NO insulin
Occurs early in life
Rely on injections of insulin

Diabetes 2 caused by pancreas producing LESS insulin
Is caused by lifestyle - happens later in life and linked to obesity
Can be controlled by diet but later may need injections

18
Q

What are symptoms of diabetes

A

Excessive thirst
Glucose in urine
High blood glucose levels
Lethargic

19
Q

What are long term effects of diabetes

A

Eye damage,
kidney damage
stroke
heart disease

20
Q

What is meant by the term homeostasis

A

Maintaining a constant internal environment e.g. blood glucose levels, water and ion levels in blood

21
Q

What are the 2 main jobs of the kidneys

A

To excrete excess ions and waste urea (from excess proteins)
To regulate water levels of body

22
Q

Describe the process of urine formation in kidneys

A

Blood high in ions, urea and water enter kidneys by renal artery
Contents are filtered in the cortex of kidney
Any materials required by body eg all glucose, water and ions are reabsorbed back into blood in medulla
Any unwanted ions, excess water and urea are excreted as urine via the renal pelvis
pass down ureter and stored in bladder before leaving via urethra

23
Q

What is ADH

A

A hormone released from pituitary gland

24
Q

what part of the body monitors water levels in blood

A

Hypothalamus in brain

25
Q

How does ADH control water levels

A

If you have exercised/sweated alot - water levels in blood are low

Hypothalamus detects low water levels
Pituitary gland releases MORE ADH
Causes kidneys to reabsorb more water back into blood
Lower volume of a concentrated urine produced

26
Q

What is the name of the growth response in plants to light

A

Phototropism

27
Q

What is the name of the hormone involved in phototropism

A

Auxin

28
Q

Where are auxins made

A

In the plant shoot tip or root tip

29
Q

Describe the effect auxins have on plant growth

A

Cause more cell elongation

30
Q

Describe the effect auxins have if light is hitting a plant at an angle

A

More auxin will diffuse from the shoot tip down the shaded side of plant
this causes more cell elongation on the shaded side
The shoot will bend to wards the light

31
Q

What is the benefit to the plant in phototropism

A

It will get MORE Light so can photosynthesis MORE

Yr11 Double Award Biology (7 decks)

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