1.4 Enzymes

Question 1

What is an enzyme

Answer 1

Biological catalyst
Protein
Specific to a substrate
Can be used over and over again as not used up in the reaction

Question 2

What is a substrate

Answer 2

The material that an enzyme will bind to - will be broken down by enzyme or built up by enzyme
E.g starch

Question 3

What factors can affect enzyme activity

Answer 3

PH
Temperature
Enzyme concentration

Question 4

What is the active site

Answer 4

The part of the enzyme that the substrate will bind to and form an enzyme-substrate complex

Question 5

What happens to enzyme activity at low temperature

Answer 5

The enzyme activity is low
Due to enzymes and substrate having low kinetic energy so less Enzyme substrate complexes can be formed and less product is made

Question 6

What is meant by optimum temperature or pH

Answer 6

This is the temperature or pH that the enzyme has the highest rate of production

Question 7

What happens to enzyme activity if the temperature goes above optimum temperature

Answer 7

The enzyme activity starts to rapidly decrease
This is due to enzyme becoming denatured

Question 8

What is meant by denatured

Answer 8

When the active site of the enzyme becomes changed or damaged and can no longer form an enzyme substrate complex
Desaturation happens due to high temperature or changes in pH above or below optimum pH

Question 9

What happens to the activity of Enzymes when the pH changes from optimum pH

Answer 9

The enzyme becomes denatured
This can happen if the pH goes below or above optimum pH

Question 10

In the digestive system where is the enzyme amylase produced

Answer 10

Salivary gland
Pancreas
Small intestine

Question 11

In the digestive system where is protease produced

Answer 11

Stomach
Pancreas
Small intestine

Question 12

In the digestive system where is lipase produced

Answer 12

Pancreas
Small intestine

Question 13

What does amylase break down in digestive system

Answer 13

Amylase breaks down starch to sugars

Question 14

What does protease break down in digestive system

Answer 14

Protease breaks down proteins to amino acids

Question 15

What does lipase break down in digestive system

Answer 15

Lipase breaks down lipids or fats to fatty acid and glycerol

Question 16

What is meant by digestion

Answer 16

The breaking down of large insoluble molecules to small soluble molecules
eg fats to fatty acid and glycerol
proteins to amino acids
starch to sugars

Question 17

What is assimilation

Answer 17

When the digested food eg glucose enters the blood and travels to the LIVER via the HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN
at the liver it is either stored or distributed round the rest of the body

Question 18

Where does food get absorbed in the digestive system

Answer 18

In the small intestine (ileum)

Question 19

Give an example of a commercial use of enzymes

Answer 19

Biological detergent

Question 20

What is the advantage of using biological detergent

Answer 20

Clean clothes at lower temperature - ECONOMIC - less money heating water (electricity needed)
- ENVIROMENTAL - less fossil fuels burnt to produce the energy to make electricity

Question 21

What is an inhibitor

Answer 21

A molecule that will fit the activie site - it will inhibit or prevent the proper substrate entering and combining with the active site so the rate of reaction will decrease

Question 22

What is the name of the model used to describe the joining of the enzyme and substrate

Answer 22

Lock and Key model