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Brainscape Spanish > 1.6 Lesson > Flashcards

1.6 Lesson Flashcards

Possessive adjectives and pronouns, diminutives, family relationships, and the common verb TENER ("to have")

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1
Q

Translate to Spanish.

My family is very big

A

Mi familia es muy grande

family - la familia

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2
Q

Translate to Spanish.

My father is working upstairs

A

Mi padre está trabajando arriba

father - el padre, el papá. Note that papá translates as “dad” and is a more affectionate way of saying padre

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3
Q

Translate to Spanish.

My parents don’t speak Spanish

A

Mis padres no hablan español

Note that mi becomes mis when the noun being modified (e.g. “parents”) is plural

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4
Q

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Your dad is angry with you because you do not study

A

Tu papá está enojado contigo porque tú no estudias

your - tu. Note that in the possessive, tu does not have an accent mark, although it is pronounced exactly the same as tú (“you”)

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5
Q

What is the difference between the words tú and tu?

A
  • Tú is the second person singular pronoun “you”
  • Tu is the second person singular possessive adjective “your”
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6
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Does your mother speak English?

A

¿Habla tu madre inglés?

Note that Spanish does not have an equivalent helping verb to the English word “do”. Instead, we simply begin the question with the conjugated verb, and place the subject directly after it

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7
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Your brother is studying art at the university

A

Tu hermano está estudiando arte en la universidad

brother - el hermano

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8
Q

Translate to Spanish.

My sister is a mathematics student at a university in Spain

A

Mi hermana es una estudiante de matemáticas en una universidad en España

sister - la hermana

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9
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Your (ud) brother is right there, in front of my tall sister

A

Su hermano está allí, en frente de mi hermana alta

Your (ud) - su

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10
Q

Translate to Spanish.

My son is going to school with your (ud) son

A

Mi hijo está yendo a la escuela con su hijo

son - el hijo

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11
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Your (ud) daughter is bored from so much studying

A

Su hija está aburrida de tanto estudiar

daughter - la hija

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12
Q

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My dad is a doctor

A

Mi papá es médico

doctor - el médico. Note that in Spanish the indefinite article is not used after ser when the noun is not modified. However, “My dad is an old doctor” would be Mi papá es un médico viejo

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13
Q

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His mother is not American; she is from México

A

Su madre no es americana; es de México

his, her - su. Note that both usted and él / ella pronouns take the possessive form su

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14
Q

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Her husband is a teacher; therefore he is busy teaching his students

A

Su esposo es maestro; entonces está ocupado enseñando a sus estudiantes

husband - el esposo, el marido. Note that the possessive adjective su becomes plural (sus) when the noun it modifies is plural

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15
Q

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My wife is very good-looking

A

Mi esposa es muy guapa

wife - la esposa

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16
Q

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Come on, it’s not hard

A

Vaya, no es difícil

come on - vaya

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17
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Your sisters are running

A

Tus hermanas están corriendo

Remember that possessive adjectives always agree in number with the noun that they describe. Tu hermana becomes Tus hermanas

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18
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Our house is way over there

A

Nuestra casa está allá

our - nuestro. Note that nuestro(a) agrees in both number and gender with the noun that it describes, not with the speaker’s number or gender

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19
Q

Translate to Spanish.

There are a lot of students in this classroom

A

Hay muchos estudiantes en esta clase

there is, there are - hay. Note that hay is the third person “impersonal” conjugation of the auxiliary verb haber, which we will learn more about later

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20
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Our uncles are reading some very good books

A

Nuestros tíos están leyendo unos libros muy buenos

uncle - el tío

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21
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Our aunts are angry because we do not go to college

A

Nuestras tías están enojadas porque no vamos a la universidad

aunt - la tía

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22
Q

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Your cousin (f.) is our friend

A

Tu prima es nuestra amiga

cousin - el primo, la prima

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23
Q

Translate to Spanish.

The house over there is your (vosotros) house, right?

A

La casa allá es vuestra casa, ¿verdad?

your (de vosotros) - vuestro. Note that like nuestro(a), vuestro(a) also agrees with the noun that it describes in number and gender

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24
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Is your grandfather sick?

A

¿Está enfermo tu abuelo?

grandfather- el abuelo

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25
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Is it true that your grandmothers are writing letters from Spain?

A

¿Es verdad que tus abuelas están escribiendo cartas de España?

grandmother - la abuela

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26
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Your (ud) grandson is a student that is learning a lot

A

Su nieto es un estudiante que está aprendiendo mucho

grandson - el nieto

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27
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Is your (ud) granddaughter a student at the university?

A

¿Su nieta es estudiante en la universidad?

granddaughter - la nieta

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28
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Your brother is writing his essays

A

Su hermano está escribiendo sus ensayos

your (ellos) - su. Note that the same possessive pronoun su is used for él, ella, ud., ellos, ellas, and uds. It must always agree with the number of the noun it modifies: su ensayo becomes sus ensayos

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29
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Their (ustedes) nephews are here in the United States

A

Sus sobrinos están aquí en los Estados Unidos

nephew - el sobrino

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30
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Our nieces are sick so they are at home

A

Nuestras sobrinas están enfermas entonces están en casa

niece - la sobrina

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31
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Their boyfriends are going to Mexico

A

Sus novios están yendo a México

boyfriend - el novio

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32
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Is your girlfriend a student here?

A

¿Es tu novia una estudiante aquí?

girlfriend - la novia

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33
Q

Translate to Spanish.

When are you going to your grandmother’s house?

A

¿Cuándo vas a la casa de tu abuela?

when? - ¿cuándo?

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34
Q

Translate to Spanish.

When I work, I do not talk to my friends

A

Cuando trabajo, no hablo con mis amigos

when - cuando. Note that cuándo is used to form a question while cuando is a subordinating conjunction

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35
Q

Translate to Spanish.

When is your birthday?

A

¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?

birthday - el cumpleaños

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36
Q

Translate to Spanish.

María eats a lot, but she does not eat everything

A

María come mucho, pero no come todo

but - pero

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37
Q

Translate to Spanish.

I am blond, but my sister is not blond

A

Soy rubio, pero mi hermana no es rubia

blond - rubio

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38
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Your sisters are blond and white

A

Tus hermanas son rubias y blancas

white - blanco

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39
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Three of my brothers are dark-skinned and two are white

A

Tres de mis hermanos son morenos y dos son blancos

dark-skinned - moreno

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40
Q

Translate to Spanish.

I think that my cousins are very ugly

A

Creo que mis primos son muy feos

ugly - feo

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41
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Your brothers are very strong, but you are not strong

A

Tus hermanos son muy fuertes, pero tú no eres fuerte

strong - fuerte. Note that fuerte does not vary according to gender, only according to number

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42
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Are your aunts blonde, tall, and thin?

A

¿Son tus tías rubias, altas y delgadas?

thin - delgado, flaco. Note that delgado is more neutral, whereas flaco can mean very skinny

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43
Q

Translate to Spanish.

My brothers are very small

A

Mis hermanos son muy pequeños

small, little - pequeño

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44
Q

Translate to Spanish.

All of my uncles are young

A

Todos mis tíos son jóvenes

young - joven. Note that some words are written with an accent only in the plural, in order to keep the spoken emphasis on the right syllable

45
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Is your grandmother very old?

A

¿Es muy vieja tu abuela?

old (elderly) - viejo. Note that viejo can also be used to describe objects

46
Q

Translate to Spanish.

He is my old friend

A

Él es mi viejo amigo

old (long-time) - viejo. If viejo is used before the noun, it means “long-time” (e.g. “an old friend”). If used after the noun, it means “elderly”

47
Q

Translate to Spanish.

My aunt is single

A

Mi tía es soltera

single - soltero. Note that in Spanish you must use ser + soltero, rather than estar.

48
Q

Translate to Spanish.

My uncle Rafa is not single, but his sister is single

A

Mi tío Rafa no es soltero, pero su hermana sí es soltera

Note that sí is commonly used to reaffirm or emphasize a statement or fact

49
Q

Translate to Spanish.

My cousin isn’t married; she’s single

A

Mi prima no está casada; es soltera.

married - casado. Note that although most Spanish-speakers will say está casado, some say es casado

50
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Are you going to see your friends?

A

¿Vas a ver a tus amigos?

Note the use of the word a where in the English translation there is no preposition. In Spanish, when the direct object of a verb is a person, you must use the “personal a”

51
Q

Translate to Spanish.

My cousin is recently married

A

Mi prima está recién casada

recently - recién. This is the shortened form of recientemente and is more common when used before a past participle

52
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Marcos is my only cousin

A

Marcos es mi único primo

the only - el único. If único is used before the noun, it means “the only.” If used after the noun, it means “unique”

53
Q

Translate to Spanish.

It is a unique book

A

Es un libro único

unique - único. If único is used before the noun, it means “the only.” If used after the noun, it means “unique”

54
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Certain students do not want to study. Right, Jimena and Ricardo?

A

Ciertos estudiantes no quieren estudiar. ¿Verdad, Jimena y Ricardo?

certain - cierto. If cierto is used before a noun, it means “certain.” Otherwise, it means “sure” or “definite.”

55
Q

Translate to Spanish.

It isn’t true that Miguel is Sara’s cousin?

A

¿No es cierto que Miguel es primo de Sara?

true - cierto. We can also use the word verdadero to mean “true”, derived from the word verdad (“truth”)

56
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Your cousin Marta is older than my oldest brother

A

Tu prima Marta es mayor que mi hermano mayor

older - mayor. Note that mayor is used to compare ages and can mean both “older” and “oldest”

57
Q

Translate to Spanish.

His father is younger than my youngest uncle

A

Su papá es menor que mi tío menor

younger, youngest - menor

58
Q

Translate to Spanish.

My brother’s wedding is in eight days

A

La boda de mi hermano es en ocho días

wedding - la boda

59
Q

Translate to Spanish.

My sister’s baby is my niece

A

La bebé de mi hermana es mi sobrina

baby - el/la bebé. Note that the word bebé does not change according to gender, but the article used with it (el or la) does change

60
Q

Translate to Spanish.

The books are mine

A

Los libros son míos

mine - mío. Note that possessive pronouns agree in number and in gender with the object possessed, not with the number and gender of the subject or owner

61
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Is it (the pen) yours?

A

Es tuyo (el bolígrafo)? OR Es tuya (la pluma)?

yours - tuyo. Note that although the possessive pronoun replaces the noun possessed, the noun can be repeated for emphasis or to clarify which object you are speaking about

62
Q

Translate to Spanish.

They are not my essays; are they his?

A

No son mis ensayos; ¿son suyos?

his, hers, yours (de ud), theirs - suyo

63
Q

Translate to Spanish.

It is not Roberto’s car; is it yours (ud)?

A

No es el carro de Roberto; ¿es suyo?

car - el carro, el coche

64
Q

Translate to Spanish.

They are our houses. They are ours

A

Son nuestras casas. Son nuestras

ours - nuestro. Note that in the first sentence, nuestras is used as a possessive adjective, while in the second sentence, nuestras is used as a possessive pronoun.

65
Q

Translate to Spanish.

They are not your shoes, they are mine

A

No son tus zapatos, son míos

shoe - el zapato

66
Q

Translate to Spanish.

They are not our teachers; they are yours (vosotros)

A

No son nuestros maestros, son vuestros

yours (vosotros) - vuestro

67
Q

Translate to Spanish.

The photos are theirs

A

Las fotos son suyas

theirs - suyo. Remember that “theirs”, “his”, “hers” , “yours (Ud)”, and “yours (plural)” all take the same possessive pronoun suyo. The antecedent is usually clear due to the context of the sentence

68
Q

Translate to Spanish.

The chairs that are over there are not yours (uds)

A

Las sillas que están allá no son suyas

yours (uds) - suyo. If we want to specify “yours” to eliminate ambiguity, we can say No son de Ud.

69
Q

Translate to Spanish.

They are not my computers; they are his

A

No son mis computadoras; son suyas

computer - la computadora, el computador, el ordenador. Note that la computadora or el computador are used in Latin America, whereas el ordenador is used in Spain

70
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Each computer is new

A

Cada ordenador es nuevo

each - cada

71
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Fernando and Elena are going to type their essays

A

Fernando y Elena van a escribir sus ensayos a máquina

to type - escribir a máquina. (Máquina literally means “machine”)

72
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Whose house is it?

A

¿De quién es la casa?

whose - ¿De quién?

73
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Whose idea is it?

It is mine!

A

¿De quién es la idea?

¡Es mía!

idea - la idea

74
Q

Translate to Spanish.

It is your phone. It is yours

A

Es tu teléfono. Es tuyo

phone - el teléfono

75
Q

Translate to Spanish.

to have

A

tener

to have - tener. Note that tener is an irregular stem-changing verb

76
Q

Translate to Spanish.

I have six cousins that live in Madrid

A

Tengo seis primas que viven en Madrid

I have - tengo

77
Q

Translate to Spanish.

You have five art classes in the building that is over there

A

Tú tienes cinco clases de arte en el edificio que está allá

you have - tienes. Note that the stem of tener changes from e to ie when making this verb form. Many other verbs change their stem in the present tense for you, he/she, and they/you all, as we will see

78
Q

Translate to Spanish.

I am very hungry

A

Tengo mucha hambre

hunger - el hambre (fem.). Notice that in Spanish you literally say “to have hunger”. This construction is also used for other conditions as you will see later. Also notice that hambre is feminine but takes a masculine article for phonetic reasons

79
Q

Translate to Spanish.

She is not hungry because she is eating

A

Ella no tiene hambre porque está comiendo

he/she has - tiene

80
Q

Translate to Spanish.

How many bikes do you have?

A

¿Cuántas bicis tienes?

bicycle (bike) - la bicicleta (bici)

81
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Juan is the man whose mother has a new car

A

Juan es el hombre cuya mamá tiene un carro nuevo

whose - cuyo. Note that cuyo is only a relative pronoun. To translate the English word “whose” in a question format, use ¿de quién? (e.g. “Whose pencil is this?” - ¿De quién es este lápiz?)

82
Q

Translate to Spanish.

What’s wrong?

A

¿Qué tienes?

What’s wrong? - ¿Qué tienes?. This literally means “What do you have?”, as in some sort of ailment or condition

83
Q

Translate to Spanish.

He is sleepy

A

Él tiene sueño

sleepiness - el sueño. Note that the English of “He is sleepy” translates literally to “He has sleepiness” in Spanish. Un sueño also means “a dream”

84
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Are you (usted) thirsty?

A

¿Tiene sed?

thirst - la sed. Like with the phrase Tengo hambre (“I am hungry”), we express “being thirsty” by saying “to have thirst”, or tener sed.

85
Q

Translate to Spanish.

I’m very embarrassed!

A

¡Tengo mucha vergüenza!

to be embarassed - tener vergüenza, (literally, to have shame). Be careful not to confuse this with embarazada, which means “pregnant”!

86
Q

Translate to Spanish.

We do not have cousins that live in Mexico

A

No tenemos primos que viven en México

we have - tenemos

87
Q

Translate to Spanish.

You (uds) have a lot of books in Spanish

A

Ustedes tienen muchos libros en español

you (uds) have - tienen

88
Q

Translate to Spanish.

You (vosotros) are very thirsty

A

Vosotros tenéis mucha sed

you (vosotros) have - tenéis

89
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Carlos and Liliana have a big family

A

Carlos y Liliana tienen una familia grande

they have - tienen

90
Q

Translate to Spanish.

They have to walk more quickly because we are in a hurry

A

Tienen que caminar más rápido porque tenemos prisa

to be in a hurry - tener prisa. Note that tener prisa literally translates as “to have hurry”

91
Q

Translate to Spanish.

TO HAVE

  • I have
  • You have
  • He/She has
  • We have
  • You have
  • They have
A

TENER

  • Yo tengo
  • Tú tienes
  • Él/Ella/Ud tiene
  • Nosotros tenemos
  • Vosotros tenéis
  • Ellos/Ellas/Uds tienen
92
Q

Translate to Spanish.

How many cousins (fem) do you have?

A

¿Cuántas primas tienes?

how many? - ¿cuántos?. Note that if the object is non-quantifiable, you would say cuánto, which translates as “How much?” (e.g. “How much money is there? - ¿Cuánto dinero hay?)

93
Q

Translate to Spanish.

How old are you?

I am twenty-five years old

A

¿Cuántos años tienes?

Tengo veinticinco años

I am __ years old - tengo __ años. Note that the literal translation is “I have twenty five years”

94
Q

Translate to Spanish.

My uncle and I have to sell my grandfather’s house

A

Mi tío y yo tenemos que vender la casa de mi abuelo

to have to - tener que. Note that after tener que you must use an infinitive

95
Q

Translate to Spanish.

I have to study because I have a test

A

Tengo que estudiar porque tengo una prueba

test - el exámen, la prueba. Note that the usage of examen and prueba to mean “test” differs by region

96
Q

Translate to Spanish.

My sister and I are not scared

A

Mi hermana y yo no tenemos miedo

fear - el miedo. Note that “to be scared” is translated tener miedo, or “to have fear”

97
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Is your grandmother very cold?

A

¿Tiene mucho frío tu abuela?

cold - el frío. “To be cold” is translated as tener frío, or “to have coldness”

98
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Are you very hot?

A

¿Tienes mucho calor?

heat - el calor. “To be hot” is translated as tener calor, or “to have heat”. Be careful not to use the adjective caliente (“hot”) to describe a person, since it can mean “horny”!

99
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Mariana has to help her mom every day

A

Mariana tiene que ayudar a su mamá todos los días

to help - ayudar

100
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Rodrigo has to accompany his younger brother to school

A

Rodrigo tiene que acompañar a su hermano menor a la escuela

to accompany, to go with - acompañar

101
Q

Translate to Spanish.

My little cousin (f.) is blonde

A

Mi primita es rubia

diminuitive - ito, -ita. Note that you form a diminuitive by adding -ito or -ita at the end of a noun or adjective ending in -o or -a. So, primo becomes primito

102
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Is the baby very tiny?

A

¿Es pequeñita la bebé?

Note that adjectives can be made diminutive as well as nouns. Muy pequeño becomes pequeñito

103
Q

Translate to Spanish.

I am going to visit my dear grandmother

A

Voy a visitar a mi abuelita

Note that we may use the diminutive ending -ita/-ito to connote affection. This does not necessarily mean that my grandmother is tiny!

104
Q

Translate to Spanish.

My grandson is not drinking coffee

A

Mi nieto no está tomando café

coffee - el café

105
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Are you drinking tea?

A

¿Estás tomando té?

tea - el té

106
Q

Translate to Spanish.

Pedro’s uncle is drinking a little coffee

A

El tío de Pedro está tomando un cafecito

diminuitive- cito, cita. Note that you form a diminuitive by adding -cito or -cita at the end of a noun or adjective ending in -e or in a consonant. Diminuitives are often used in Spanish-speaking cultures and there are other suffixes, but -ito, -ita, -cito, and -cita are most common

107
Q

Translate to Spanish.

My mother is happy because she is on vacation

A

Mi madre está contenta porque está de vacaciones

mother - la madre, la mamá. Note that mamá translates as “mom” and is a more affectionate way of saying madre

108
Q

Translate to Spanish.

My aunt is pregnant

A

Mi tía está embarazada

pregnant - embarazada

Brainscape Spanish (19 decks)

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