1.6 - Cell division Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is mitosis?

A

division of the nucleus into 2 genetically identical nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is mitosis used? (GATE)

A

G: Growth
A: Asexual reproduction
T: Tissue repair
E: Embryonic development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A
  1. interface
  2. prophase
  3. metaphase
  4. anaphase
  5. telophase

*6. Cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is interface?

A

G1 / G2: increase volume of cytoplasm, organelles produces, proteins synthesized

synthesis: DNA replicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is prophase?

A
  1. DNA supercoils
  2. nuclear membrane broken down
  3. centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell
  4. spindle fibres begin to form
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is metaphase?

A
  1. chromatids line up in center of cell
  2. spindle fibres (microtubules) attach to the centromere of sister chromatids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is anaphase?

A
  1. contraction of spindle fibres –> separation of sister chromatids
  2. chromatids –> chromosomes
  3. chromosomes move to opposite poles of cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is telophase?

A
  1. chromosomes uncoil
  2. spindle fibres disappear
  3. nuclear membrane reforms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

the splitting of cell immediately following mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cytokinesis in animal cells

A

clevage furrow forms around the middle and pinches the cell in two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cytokinesis in plant cells

A

cell plate forms in the middle and grows until cell separates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are cyclins?

A

proteins that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle. marks the checkpoints between stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are tumors?

A

abnormal growth of tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is cancer?

A

malignant primary tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a mutation?

A

change in the organism’s genetic code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are mutagens?

A

agents that cause gene mutation

17
Q

What is a primary tumor?

A

a mass of cells that are dividing at abnormally fast rates fro no apparent reason

18
Q

What is a secondary tumor?

A

tumor that forms in other parts of the body after metastasis of the primary tumor

19
Q

What is metastasis?

A

movement of cells form primary tumor to other locations form secondary tumors.