1.5 - The origin of cells

Question 1

Explain Pasteour’s experiment

Answer 1

aimed to see how living things are generated.

1. flasks with “s” neck
2. poured meat broth in both flasks and boiled them to kill any life in it (for 3 yrs nothing happed)
3. shook one of the flasks and dust entered the broth. in days it changed color

concluded that living things already existed in the dust, life didn’t generate spontaneously.

Question 2

What is the evidence of cell division?

Answer 2

1. cells are highly complex structures
2. all known examples of growth are a result of cell division
3. viruses are produced from simpler sub-units
4. genetic code is universal

Question 3

How did the first cells arise?

Answer 3

plants began to photosynthesize the gases from volcanoes, gases mixed with shallow oceans that contained chemicals.

Question 4

What is a codon?

Answer 4

combination of 3 DNA bases

Question 5

What is hydrolyse?

Answer 5

chemical reaction in which water is used to break down compound

Question 6

What is synthesis?

Answer 6

to make something by combining different things

Question 7

What are polymers?

Answer 7

long / repeating chains of molecules

Question 8

What is a catalyst?

Answer 8

substance that increases rate of reaction without itself being consumed

Question 9

What is an endosymbiont?

Answer 9

cell that lives inside another cell with mutual benefit

Question 10

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 10

explains the existence of eukaryotic organelles. says that organelles originated as symbiosis between separate prokaryotic organisms.

Question 11

What is the evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 11

1. ribosomes similar to prokaryotes (70s)
2. divide by binary fission (like prokaryotes)
3. have double membrane