1.2 - Ultrastructure of cells Flashcards
What are prokaryotic cells?
really small unicellular organisms with no nucleus
What are eukaryotic cells?
larger cells with various membrane-bound organelles
Advantages of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells
- more efficient metabolism
- localized conditions
- toxic/damaging substances can be isolated
- organelle numbers can be changed depending on the cell’s requirements
Cytoplasm function
internal fluid
Cell wall function
A membrane that maintains shape and prevents bursting
Cell membrane function
Controls the movement of the materials in and out of the cell, made up of 2 layers of phospholipids
Pili function
Hair-like. Enables prokaryote to adhere to surfaces
Flagellum function
movement of the cell
Nucleoid region (prokaryotes)
where DNA is located, not in a nucleus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum function
Protein synthesis and secretion since it has ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum function
transport of the rough ER products to other organelles
Golgi apparatus function
collecting, packaging, and transporting molecules
Lysosome function
enzymes used for digestion and removal of worn-out organelles.
Ribosome function
site of protein synthesis
Mitochondria function
the powerhouse of the cell
