16 - Anatomy of the Kidney

Question 1

Mesonephric

Answer 1

Wolffian ducts (male)

Question 2

Paramesonephric

Answer 2

Mullerian ducts (female

Question 3

What occurs in development of female kidney

Answer 3

o Mesonephric duct degenerates apart from the lower portion that forms the ureteric bud
o Paramesonephric duct forms oviduct

Question 4

Development of male kidney

Answer 4

o Mesonephric duct forms male reproductive tract and ureteric bud
o Paramesonephric duct degenerates

Question 5

Types of embryonic kidney

Answer 5

o	3 embryonic kidneys – all formed from mesonephric duct
2x non functional
	Pronephric 
	Mesonephric
1x functional
	Metanephric kidney

Question 6

What are metanephric kidneys formed from

Answer 6

 Ureteric bud from mesonephric duct

 Metanephric bud (blastemal) from mesenchyme

Question 7

What does Ureteric bud form

Answer 7

Ureter, Renal pelvis, Major + Minor calyces, collecting tubules (1-3 million)
 Collecting System

Question 8

What does Metanephric bud form

Answer 8

Renal glomerulus, capillaries, bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule
 Excretory system – nephron

Question 9

Metanephros

Answer 9

sacral region (S1)

Question 10

Final location of kidney

Answer 10

Upper lumbar T12

Question 11

Ectopic kidney

Answer 11

Failure to ascend

Question 12

Kidney agenesis

Answer 12

Failure of kidney to form
Unilateral or bilateral
Defects in ureteric bud formation

Question 13

Bifid ureter

Answer 13

Ureter splits in two so you have duplicate kidneys or duplicate ureter

Question 14

Pelvic kidney

Answer 14

Type of ectopic kidney where the kidney remains in the pelvic region (usually one of them)
Often the 2 fuse – pancake kidney

Question 15

Horseshoe kidney

Answer 15

Type of ectopic kidney
Kidneys fuse in pelvic region
Form a single U shaped kidney
Cannot ascend due to inferior mesenteric artery

Question 16

Polycystic kidneyy

Answer 16

Kidney’s develop fluid filled cysts
Autosomal dominant more common than autosomal recessive
Originally associated with defects in formation of tubules

Question 17

Where do cysts form in polycystic kidney

Answer 17

Collecting tubules - increased cell division in tubule epithelium - fill with fluid collected from glomerulus - break away from tubule

Question 18

Which mutations cause polycystic kidney

Answer 18

 85-90% - mutations in polycystin (PKD-1)

 10-15% - mutations in polycystin-2 (PKD-2)

Question 19

What are polycystins

Answer 19

in primary cilia (ciliopathy) – involved in cell adhesion, Ca2+ transport, cell cycle