1 - Body fluid compartments and water balance Flashcards
What are the levels of in cell cations
High potassium
Low sodium
What are the levels of in cell anions
High phosphates
Protein anions
Levels in plasma of anions and cations
V high sodium
Low potassium
High chloride
Low bicarbonate
What is the Intracellular fluid
Identical to plasma but no protein anions
What causes dehydration and what are the consequences
Water intake < water loss
Water loss from ICF and plasma which can lead to weight loss, fever and confusion
What causes excess urine production in biabetes
High osmolality in urine from sugar in urine
Osmolality
Osmolality is the number of osmoles of solute in a kilogram of solvent
Osmolarity
osmolarity is the number of osmoles of solute in a litre of solution.
used to measure dissolved particles in urine
Excess urine production in young and old?
Young - kidneys not developed fully
Old - Decline of kidney function
What causes water intoxication
1) Drinking too much water too fast
2) Blockage of urine production
Results in dilution of body fluids
[Na+ in ECF] is reduced causing osmotic shift of water into cells so the cells burst
particularly dangerous in the brain causing coma, convulsions and death
What is oedema
Swelling of the tissue due to accumulation of fluid in ECF
Causes of Oedema
1) Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure/ when hydrostatic pressure > oncotic pressure
e. g in cirrhosis –> portal ht and ascites
2) Loss of plasma proteins - albumin as it cannot leave capillaries
3) Obstruction of lymphatic circulation
4) Increased capillary permeability due to inflammation
