16 Flashcards
what is a nebula
a giant cloud of dust and gas
what are stars formed from
a nebula
what force pulls gas and dust together
gravity
what is it called when the gas and dust (nebula) is pulled together
protostar
how are planets formed
the sun isn’t hot enough yet for nuclear fission but it can evaporate ice and push gas away leaving rocks behind. These rocks begin to pull together under gravity forming planets.
how does a protostar get thermal energy
as the dust and gas gets pulled together it loses gravitational potenital energy, which becomes kinetic energy, which becomes the thermal energy in our star. As this thermal energy is gained the temperature rises and as more mass is pulled in by gravity the pressure rises, until the protostar becomes so hot it begins to fus hydrogen into helium. Nuclear fission
what happens to a star after it is a protostar
main sequence star
what is the sun mainy made of
hydrogen
what keeps the sun stable and why
gravity because it it counters pressure from the sun pushing the walls outwards
whar are areas in a nebula where stars are forming called
stella nurseries
what happens when a star runs out of fuel
The star begins to swell and cool as it runs out of fuel. At this point the other heavier elements are being fused. This stage is called a red giant. If the star is big enough it will become a red super giant and undergo a differnt path of changes.
what happens when a star runs out of all elements it can fuse together
it will collapse under its own gravity, as it collapses it begins to heat again.
what happens when a star collapes
it becomes a white hot called a white dwarf, this star will eventually cool down, fading and becoming a black dwarf . This is the end of its life cycle
what happens when a red supergiant collapses
a bright explosion to form a super nova
what happens to a smaller supernova
collapse to form a neutron star
what happens to a larger supernova
collapse to form a black hole
what will the sun eventually become
red giant black dwarf white dwarf
what force keeps object in orbit around each other
gravity
name some object that orbit due to gravity
star, moon , planet, comets , atsroids
which way does the direction of force go due tio gravity that keeps the earth in orbit
from the earth towards the sun
where does the direction the earthc velocity go
perpendicular to the direction of the force
what would happen if the earth slowed down and why
it would move closer to the sun because the direction of veloicty would be pointed closer to the sun
what are the 2 types of orbits
geostationary and polar
what is the doppler effect
when the sound biggins higher pitched and as it passes you it sounds lower pitched. e.g the doppler effect is the change in frequency of a wave due to the source moving relative to the observer
what colour of shift is the fastest way a glaxie it moveing away from the eartch
red shift
what does blue shift mena
the glaxy is moveing towards us
what does the big bang theory explain
how the universe is expanding
