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MCAT Psychology > Biology and Behaviour > Flashcards

Biology and Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

Three types of neuron in humans

A

Interneuron, Afferent (sensory), Efferent (motor)

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2
Q

Two autonomic nervous system divisions

A

Parasympathetic (rest and digest), sympathetic (fight or flight)

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3
Q

Seven parasympathetic reactions

A
  1. Constrict pupils
  2. Stimulates flow of saliva
  3. Constricts bronchi
  4. Slows heartbeat
  5. Stimulates peristalsis and secretion
  6. Stimulates bile release
  7. Contracts bladder
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4
Q

Ten sympathetic reactions

A
  1. Dilates pupils
  2. Relaxes bronchi
  3. Accelerates heartbeat
  4. Piloerection or sweating
  5. Inhibits peristalsis and secretion
  6. Stimulates glucose production and release
  7. Secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline
  8. Inhibits bladder contraction
  9. Stimulates orgasm
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5
Q

Four cerebral cortex lobes

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Occipital
  4. Temporal
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6
Q

Frontal lobe function

A

Executive function, impulse control, long term planning, motor function, speech production

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7
Q

Parietal lobe function

A

Sensation of touch, pressure, temperature, pain, spatial processing, orientation, manipulation

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8
Q

Occipital lobe function

A

Visual processing

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9
Q

Temporal lobe function

A

Sound processing, speech perception, memory, emotion

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10
Q

Acetylcholine function

A

PNS, attention/alertness, voluntary muscle control

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11
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine function

A

Fight or flight

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12
Q

Dopamine function

A

Smooth movements, postural stability

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13
Q

Serotonin function

A

Eating, mood, sleeping, dreaming

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14
Q

GABA funtion

A

Sleep stabilization

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15
Q

Endorphin function

A

Natural painkillers

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16
Q

Describe nature vs nurture

A

Debate regarding contributions of genetics and environment to an individual’s traits. Family, twins, and adoption studies are used to study nature vs nurture

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17
Q

Sensation vs perception

A

Sensation: conversion of physical stimuli into neurological signals

Perception: Processing of sensory information to make sense of its significance

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18
Q

What do sensory receptors do

A

Respond to stimuli and trigger electrical signals

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19
Q

Where do sensory receptors send signal to?

A

CNS

20
Q

Sensory stimuli are transmitted to _____ in the brain, which further analyze sensory input

A

Projection areas

21
Q

Define threshold

A

Minimal change in stimulus that causes a change in signal transduction

22
Q

Define Weber’s law

A

JND is proportional to magnitude of stimulus, and this proportion is constant over most of the range of possible stimuli

23
Q

Signal detection theory

A

Subject’s response, Signal present (Hit, miss, false alarm, correct negative)

24
Q

Response bias

A

Participant responds to incorrect answer due to motivation

25
Q

Adaptation

A

A decrease in response to a stimulus over time

26
Q

Which part of the eye is responsible for production of aqueous humor

A

Posterior chamber

27
Q

Which part of the eye is responsible for draining of aqueous humor

A

Canal of Schlemm

28
Q

Canal of Schlemm function

A

Drains aqueous humor

29
Q

Posterior chamber function

A

Production of aqueous humor

30
Q

Aqueous humor function

A
  1. Gives the eye its shape
  2. Nourishes cornea and lens by supplying amino acids and glucose
31
Q

Which pupillae is responsible for parasympathetic response

A

Constrictor pupillae

32
Q

Which pupillae is responsible for sympathetic response

A

Dilator pupillae

33
Q

Name part of the eye that allows us to move our eyes

A

Ciliary muscle

34
Q

Sclera function

A

Maintaining refractive status with the cornea

35
Q

Cornea function (2)

A
  1. Eye protection
  2. 75% of refraction of light
36
Q

Anterior chamber function

A

Controls amount of light that enters the eye by opening and closing the pupil

37
Q

Iris

A

Helps control size of pupil to adjust amount of light entering the eye

38
Q

Suspensory ligament function

A

Connect ciliary body of the eye with lens, holding it in place

39
Q

Choroid function

A

Filled with blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients to the eye

40
Q

Retina function

A

Captures light that enters your eye and helps translate it to images

41
Q

Lens function

A

Focuses light on retina (fine tune vs cornea (~75-80%)

42
Q

Fovea function

A

Sharp central vision

43
Q

Optic disc function

A

Send visual data to the brain

44
Q

Viterous humor function

A
  1. Maintains eye shape
  2. Provides nutrients to the eye
45
Q

Visual pathway

A

Retina -> optic nerve -> optic chiasm -> optic tracts -> lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of hypothalamus -> visual radiations -> visual cortex

46
Q
A

MCAT Psychology (10 decks)

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