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Willy Flashing 15 X > 15.7 Exhaust > Flashcards

15.7 Exhaust Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the exhaust system on jet aircraft?

A

Creating airflow to generate thrust

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the exhaust on turboprop engines?

A

To safely guide gas overboard

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3
Q

What is one other function of an APU exhaust?

A

A muffler

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4
Q

What are the main components of an exhaust?

A

Exhaust cone
Tail pipe
Exhaust nozzle

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5
Q

What is the function of the exhaust cone?

A

Gradually converts gases from the turbine section into a solid flow

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the radial struts?

A

-support the inner cone
-straighten swirling exhaust gases

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the hole in the tip of the exhaust cone?

A

allows cooling air to be circulated to the interior of the cone and the turbine wheel

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8
Q

Why is the tailpipe constructed to be semi flexible/ bellows arrangement?

A

-for movement in insulation
-maintenance
-to allow for thermal expansion

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9
Q

What are the two exhaust nozzle designs?

A

Converging (subsonic gas velocities)
Convergent divergent (supersonic gas velocities)

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10
Q

What increase does a converging duct give in thrust for a subsonic aircraft?

A

-15-20%

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11
Q

What is the application/ function of a variable area nozzle?

A

When an aircraft has an augmenter or afterburner
When the aircraft is subsonic it converges at supersonic it diverges

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12
Q

What is the structure and design of the convergent nozzle?

A

At first the gas enters a divergent stage and then a convergent duct increasing velocity

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13
Q

What is the function and design of the convergent divergent exhaust nozzles ?

A

When gas velocity may exceed Mach 1
Convergent section accelerates gas divergent further increases velocity

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14
Q

What are the three sources of noise in the operation of a gas turbine engine?

A

-engine air intake
-housing vibration
-exhaust

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15
Q

What causes exhaust noise?

A

High amounts of turbulent high temp air mixing with the atmosphere

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16
Q

What does the porous skin/ noise absorbing lining convert acoustic energy into?

A

Heat

17
Q

How do thrust reverse produce a braking force?

A

Deflecting gases in the opposing direction

18
Q

How do modern turbofan engines differ in thrust reversing?

A

Only fan air is deflected

19
Q

Where is the deflection mechanism stored when not operational?

A

Flush

20
Q

Where is the clamshell deployed vs the bucket type thrust reverser?

A

Clam= before exhaust nozzle
Bucket = after exhaust nozzle

21
Q

How is the clamshell reverser usually operated?

A

Pneumatically

22
Q

How does a clamshell direct air?

A

Cascade vanes

23
Q

What operates bucket type reversers?

A

Hydraulic actuators

24
Q

What is a fan reverser used on?

A

Turbo fan engines with high bypass ratios

25
Q

What type is a fan reverser?

A

Cascade type thrust reverser with a translating sleeve

26
Q

How is a pivoting thrust reverser door actuated?

A

Hydraulically

27
Q

What engine would a pivot door be used on?

A

Turbo fan engines

28
Q

What are the disadvantages of the thrust reverser?

A

-can cause a compressor stall
-high temperature air can be re-ingested by the engine
-dirty can be swirled into the engine inlet

29
Q

How is dirt ingestion limited into the engine when thrust reversers are activated?

A

The reversers are matched to engine position

30
Q

How are 4 engine aircraft thrust reversers altered so that ingestion is accounted for?

A

The are directed to ensure reversal is not directed in a way that causes dirt ingestion by the adjacent engines

31
Q

What aircraft is it used on and what principle does thrust vectoring operate on?

A

Military aircraft
The thrust is directed to aid manoeuvres by altering the nozzle at the exhaust

Willy Flashing 15 X (18 decks)

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