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Willy Flashing 15 X > 15.1 Fundamentals > Flashcards

15.1 Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What is a change of state in terms of airflow through the engine?

A

A thermal process which entails a transformation of heat energy into mechanical

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2
Q

What are the four ideal changes of state and which are of importance in gas turbine engines?

A

-isobaric
-isochric
-isothermal
-isentropic

(Isobaric isentropic)

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3
Q

What is the compressors function?

A

To increase static pressure

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4
Q

What turns the compressor?

A

The turbine

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5
Q

What is potential energy?

A

Energy contained virtue of its position

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6
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Energy contained virtue of its motion

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7
Q

What is the formula for potential energy?

A

PE = mgh

Mass = M
Gravity = gravitational constant
Height = height

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8
Q

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

A

2
KE = 1/2 mv

Mass = m
Velocity = v

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9
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

The law of inertia

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10
Q

What is Newton’s second law?

A

Force = mass x acceleration

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11
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

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12
Q

What are the stages of the Brayton cycle?

A

-intake
-compress
-combust
-exhaust

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13
Q

What is the working fluid in a gas turbine engine?

A

Air

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14
Q

What is isobaric heating?

A

Volume increases pressure remains the same

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15
Q

Where does isobaric heating occur?

A

The combustion chamber

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16
Q

Where is the highest pressure in the engine?

A

The inlet of the combustion chamber

17
Q

Where is the highest temperature in the engine?

A

Rear of the combustion chamber/ the first stage nozzle guide vane

18
Q

What is isentropic compression?

A

Pressure increases volume decreases

19
Q

What is a brayton cycle?

A

The thermodynamic cycle of a gas turbine engine

20
Q

What is the formula for work?

A

Force x distance
Expressed in joules or nm

21
Q

What is the formula for power?

A

Work/time
Expressed in watts

22
Q

What is motion?

A

A continuous change of position or place

23
Q

What is acceleration?

A

The rate of change of velocity

24
Q

What is the formula of acceleration?

A

Change in velocity (m/s) / time (s)

25
Q

What is speed?

A

How fast an object is moving/ the time it takes for an object to mover a distance

26
Q

What is velocity?

A

Speed with direction

27
Q

What are the characteristics of a turbojet engine?

A

Good
-efficient at high speed
-compact

Bad
-high fuel consumption
-poor performance at low speed
-limited range and endurance

28
Q

What are the characteristics of turbofan engines?

A

Good
-They produce 80% of their thrust with front mounted fans
-They are more efficient then turbojet
Bad
-inefficient at high altitudes
-heavier
-large frontal area

29
Q

What are the characteristics of turboprop engines?

A

-Using the turbo jet principle and applies the force to a propellor for small commuter aircraft
-it has additional turbines to try and produce shaft horsepower only
-very fuel efficient
-most efficient at mid altitude and mid speed
-the gearing systems are heavy

30
Q

What are the characteristics of turboshaft engines?

A

-It uses the shaft to power machinery
-small and light (APU)
-high power to weight
-smaller than a piston engine
-loud
-the gear systems can be complex

31
Q

What are the characteristics of piston engines?

A

Fuel efficient
Poor at high altitudes
In very small aircraft

32
Q

What is a twin spool vs a three spool turbine arrangement?

A

A twin spool has a turbine powering the low pressure compressor and the fan with a turbine powering the high pressure compressor
A three spool has a third spool dedicated to the fan

33
Q

What is important to remember regarding spools?

A

-They operate independently
-it’s effectively a turbine powering a compressor

34
Q

What is the gas generator in turbo prop engine?

A

The compressor, combustor and turbine

35
Q

Where are cobalt materials used?

A

Hot areas

36
Q

What are the characteristics of materials used in engines that are most desirable?

A

Strong enough and cheap

Willy Flashing 15 X (18 decks)

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