15.4 Compressors Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main components of a compressor?

A

-stator
-rotor

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2
Q

What are the two main types of compressor?

A

-centrifugal flow
-axial flow

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3
Q

What is an inlet guide vane and outlet guide vane?

A

Inlet - first row of stator vanes
Outlet - stator vanes in the fan duct for bypass

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4
Q

How many stages can a centrifugal compressor have ?

A

2

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5
Q

How many stages can a centrifugal compressor have ?

A

2

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6
Q

What is the rise per stage on a centrifugal compressor?

A

8:1

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7
Q

What are the two main functional elements of a centrifugal compressor?

A

Impeller
Diffuser

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8
Q

What is the function of the impeller?

A

Accelerating air outwardly to the diffuser

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9
Q

What are the two types of impeller available?

A

Single or double entry

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10
Q

Where are centrifugal compressors typically used?

A

Turbo prop
Turbo shaft

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11
Q

What are the shapes of axial compressor blades?

A

Aerofoil

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12
Q

What does the gradual decrease in diameter allow for in an axial flow compressor?

A

Steady axial velocity as pressure and density increase

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13
Q

What does a multi spool compressor allow for?

A

Maximum possible compression ratio

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14
Q

What does the fan become in a three spool engine?

A

A low pressure compressor

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15
Q

What is another role of stator in a compressor?

A

Direct airflow straight

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16
Q

What ratio will a stage on an axial compressor achieve?

A

1:1-1:2

17
Q

What are the advantages of an axial compressor?

A

-negligible losses over stages increasing pressure
-higher RAM air efficiency

18
Q

What is the purpose of moment weighing?

A

Blade mass and distance of centre of gravity must be measured to account for manufacturing defects

19
Q

What is recorded on blade root?

A

Moment weight
Serial number
Part number

20
Q

What is the purpose of computerised fan blade distribution?

A

Using a computer to show where the optimum blade layout is

21
Q

Where not possible to get a fan blade of close enough weight what must be done?

A

Swap in pairs and use balance screws

22
Q

What is the relationship between rotor speed and angle of attack?

A

The higher the rotor speed means the larger the angle of attack

23
Q

What is the relationship between airspeed and angle of attack?

A

Higher airspeed means smaller angle of attack

24
Q

Why is a low angle of attack ideal?

A

It allows smooth airflow

25
Q

What causes compressor stall?

A

High angle of attack causes airflow separation in the rotor and vortices form causing slow, stopped or reversed flow

26
Q

What is compressor surge?

A

-rapid decrease in airflow
-stall causes a blockage causing subsequent stalls
-low pressure zones reverse airflow

27
Q

What can cause stall and surge?

A

-damaged or dirty blades
-damaged or dirty inlet
-damaged or broken compressor

To low idle speed
Acceleration or deceleration incorrectly

28
Q

How do bleed valves avoid stall?

A

-Mid and aft compressor locations
-Excessive air from forward stages can escape
-Open at low engine speeds

29
Q

How do variable stator/ variable inlet guide vanes prevent stall?

A

They are the most effective
They move along vertical axis
Optimum angle of attack can be achieved

30
Q

What is the axial flow compression per stage?

A

1.3:1