15.4

Question 1

Define mutation

Answer 1

o Altered genes
o A heritable change in the genetic material

Question 2

what are the different point mutations

Answer 2

silent, missense & nonsense

Question 3

silent mutations

Answer 3

No change in AA when a single base is altered

Question 4

missence mutations

Answer 4

 Changes the amino acid when a single base is altered
• Transitions: pyrimidine for pyrimidine or purine for purine
Transversions: pyrimidine for purine or purine for pyrimidine

Question 5

nonsense mutations

Answer 5

Changes amino acid to stop codon when a single base is altered

Question 6

Explain how insertion or deletion of nucleotides effects the reading frame.

Answer 6

Deletions or insertions can alter the reading frame by creating a frameshift mutation

Question 7

List the different chromosomal mutations

Answer 7

Deletion
Duplication
Inversion
Reciprocal translation

Question 8

deletion effect

Answer 8

loss of portion of a chromosome

Question 9

duplication effect

Answer 9

duplication of part of a chromosome

Question 10

inversion effect

Answer 10

segment of chromosome is broken in two places, reversed and put back together

Question 11

reciprocal translation effect

Answer 11

a piece of one chromosome is broken and joined to another chromosome