5.5 Animal responses Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do animals respond to their environment?
What do they respond to?

A

To increase there chances of survival.
They respond to stimuli.

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2
Q

What detects stimuli?

A

receptors

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3
Q

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

A

Central and peripheral
nervous systems

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4
Q

What is the two parts of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Autonomic and somatic

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5
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do?

A

Controls conscious activities

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6
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Controls the unconscious activities

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7
Q

Give 2 examples of things the autonomic nervous systems controls.

A
  • Heart rate
  • digestion
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8
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system split into?

A

The sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems.

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9
Q

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?
What does it release?

A
  • prepares body for fight or flight
  • releases noradrenalin neurotransmitter.
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10
Q

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?
What does it release?

A
  • The rest and digest system that relaxes body
  • releases acetylcholine neurotransmitter.
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11
Q

What are the 5 different parts of the brain

A
  • cerebellum
  • cerebrum
  • hypothalamus
  • medulla oblongata
  • pituitary gland
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12
Q

What is the structure of the cerebellum ?

A

The largest part of the brain.
Has two halves called hemispheres.
Outer layer called the cerebral cortex which is highly folded.

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13
Q

What is the cerebrum’s function?

A
  • Vision
  • Hearing
  • Learning
  • thinking
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14
Q

What is the structure of the hypothalamus?

A

Found beneath the middle part of the brain.

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15
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

A
  • Controls and maintains body temperature
  • produces hormones that control the pituitary gland
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16
Q

What is the location of the medulla oblongata?

A

Located at the bottom of the brain but top of spine chord

17
Q

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

A
  • Controls heart rate and breathing rates
18
Q

What is the location and structure of the cerebellum?

A

Located and the back and bottom of the brain and is also folded.

19
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A
  • Muscle co ordination
  • posture
  • balance
20
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located ?

A

Found under the hypothalamus

21
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

A
  • releases hormones and stimulates glands like the adrenal gland.
22
Q

What is a reflex action?

A

When the body responds to a stimulus without making a conscious decision.

23
Q

Why are reflex actions good?

A
  • Don’t have to spend time thinking about them so protects an organism.
24
Q

What is the pathway for reflex actions?

A

Stimulus
receptors
SENSORY NEURONE
RELAY NEURONE
MOTOR NEURONE
effector
response

  • only has 3 neurones
25
Q

What are the two reflex actions ? How do they work?

A
  • blinking reflex - works to stop eye from damage
  • knee jerk reflex - works to quickly straighten leg if quads are suddenly stretched
26
Q

What is the fight or flight responses ?

A

When an organism is threatened it responds by preparing the body for action. The sympathetic nervous system is triggered .

27
Q

What does the fight or flight response do to the hormones?

A

Releases adrenalin which causes a faster response

28
Q

What are the effects of adrenaline?

A
  • Heart rate increases so blood is pumped around the body faster
  • Muscles around bronchi relax so airways widen
  • Glycogen is converted into glucose via glycogenesis so more glucose for muscles to respire
  • erector pili muscles contract and this makes hair stand on ends