151-200

Question 1

Chapter 12. Research questions can be put aside when designing survey questions.

T
True
F
False

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Chapter 12. Ambiguous wording is useful for questionnaire design.

T
True
F
False

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Chapter 12. Double-barrelled questions are usually easily understood by participants.

T
True
F
False

Answer 3

Correct Answer:
False

Explanation:
Double-barrelled questions are ones that in fact ask about two things. The problem with this kind of question is that it leaves respondents unsure about how best to respond.

Question 4

Chapter 12. General questions often elicit the most insightful responses for a survey.

T
True
F
False

Answer 4

False

Question 5

Chapter 12. You should generally avoid questions that include negative statements.

T
True
F
False

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Chapter 12. The use of plain and simple language is inappropriate for a survey conducted for an academic award.

T
True
F
False

Answer 6

False

Question 7

The chief argument for including ‘don’t know’ is that not to include one risks forcing people to express views that they do not really hold.

T
True
F
False

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Chapter 12. It is generally not desirable to conduct a pilot study as your respondents may suffer from fatigue.

T
True
F
False

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Chapter 12. Which of the following is not a use of

pilot studies in survey research?

A
To generate fixed questions for the main study

B
So interviewers can have some experience with the interview schedule

C
To eliminate any question that is considered too sensitive

D
To consider how well the questions flow

Answer 9

A

Question 10

Chapter 12. Using the questions from a previous survey or study is unacceptable in all circumstances.

T
True
F
False

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Chapter 13. Which of the following is not a way

structured data are collected?

A
Chronology record

B
Archival record

C
Mail record

D
Contact record

Answer 11

B)

Correct Answer:
Archival record

Explanation:
Structured data were collected using three records: - chronology record: described activity patterns, noting the time, nature, and duration of the activity; - mail record: described each piece of incoming/outgoing mail and the action that was taken in order to respond to it; - contact record: described each verbal contact, noting the participants and where it took place.

Question 12

Chapter 13. For structured observation, the researcher’s ability to generate a probability sample is curtailed.

T
True
F
False

Answer 12

True

Explanation:
The problem with doing structured observation research on such a topic that it does not lend itself to the specification of a sampling frame, and therefore the researcher’s ability to generate a probability sample is curtailed.

Question 13

Chapter 13. Which of the following is not a type of sampling in structured observation?

A
Ad hoc sampling

B
Ad libitum sampling

C
Focal sampling

D
Behavioural sampling

Answer 13

A)

Correct Answer:
Ad hoc sampling

Explanation:
A further set of distinctions between types of sampling in structured observation have been drawn by Martin and Bateson (1986): ‘ad libitum sampling’, whereby the observer records whatever is happening at the time; ‘focal sampling’, in which a specific individual is observed for a set period of time; the observer records all examples of whatever forms of behaviour are of interest in terms of a schedule; ‘scan sampling’, whereby an entire group of individuals is scanned at regular intervals and the behaviour of all of them is recorded at that time; this sampling strategy allows only one or two types of behaviour to be observed and recorded; and ‘behaviour sampling’, whereby an entire group is watched and the observer

Question 14

Chapter 13. Measurement validity relates to how well the measure corresponds to all aspects of social science.

T
True
F
False

Answer 14

Correct Answer:
False
Explanation:
Measurement validity relates to the question of whether or not a measure is measuring what it is supposed to measure.

Question 15

Chapter 13. Field observation shares many of structured observation’s characteristics.

T
True
F
False

Answer 15

true

Question 16

Chapter 13. In an organizational simulation, participants are not made aware they are being studied.

T
True
F
False

Answer 16

False

Explanation:
An alternative method for observing behaviour in which participants are made aware of the fact that they are being studied involves the organizational simulation.

Question 17

Chapter 13. Which of the following is not a criticism of

structured observation?

A
There is a risk it’s inappropriate or irrelevant to the setting being observed.

B
It is rarely able to get at the intentions behind the behaviour

C
It is unethical to those observed

D
It tends to generate lots of bits of data

SUBMIT ANSWER

Answer 17

C)

Question 18

Chapter 13. Newspapers are an appropriate publication on which to conduct content analysis.

T
True
F
False

Answer 18

true

Explanation:
Imagine that you are interested in the amount and nature of the interest shown by the mass media, such as newspapers, in a business news item such as the collapse of Enron and WorldCom and the impact this has had on corporate accountability and ethical behaviour. You might ask such questions as: · When did news items on this topic first begin to appear? · Which newspapers were fastest in generating an interest in the topic? · Which newspapers have shown the greatest interest in the topic? · At what point did media interest begin to wane? Have journalists’ stances on the topic changed, for example, in terms of their support for business accountants and consultants, such as Arthur Andersen, or in calling for increased government regulation of corporate behaviour?

Question 19

Chapter 13. Content analysis is most closely associated with a qualitative research strategy

T
True
F
False

Answer 19

Correct Answer:
False
Explanation:
Content analysis is firmly rooted in the quantitative research strategy, in that the aim is to product quantitative accounts of the raw material in terms of the categories specified by the rules.

Question 20

Chapter 13. Semiotics is concerned with the study and science of signs, an approach to the analysis of documents and other phenomena that emphasizes the importance of seeking out the

deeper meaning of those data.

T
True
F
False

Answer 20

Correct Answer:
True
Explanation:
Semiotics is the study/science of signs, an approach to the analysis of documents and other phenomena that emphasizes the importance of seeking out the deeper meaning of those phenomena.

Question 21

Chapter 13. It is not necessary to have a research question at the beginning of a content analytical study.

T
True
F
False

Answer 21

Correct Answer:
False
Explanation:
As with most quantitative research, it is necessary to specify the research questions precisely, as these will guide both the selection of the media to be content analysed and the coding schedule.

Question 22

Chapter 13. Which of the following would be sampled in a content analytical study? Please select all that apply.

A
Media

B
Commentators

C
Experts

D
Dates

Answer 22

A & D

Question 23

Chapter 13. Which of the following would not be counted in a

content analytical study?

A
Significant actors

B
Words

C
Subjects and themes

D
Historical dates

Answer 23

D

Question 24

Chapter 13. Outline two advantages of content analysis. Please select all that apply.

A
It is easier than discourse analysis

B
It is a transparent method

C
It is a flexible method

D
It is objective and therefore not as partial to researcher bias

Answer 24

B & C

Question 25

Chapter 13. Outline two disadvantages of content analysis. Please select all that apply.

A
It is only as good as the documents on which it is conducted

B
It is sometimes regarded as being over-theoretical

C
It’s excellent at “why” questions but not so good at “what” questions

D
It is impossible to devise coding manuals that do not entail some interpretation on the part of the coders

Answer 25

A & D

Question 26

Chapter 14. Secondary analysis is the analysis of data that we have collected ourselves.

T
True
F
False

Answer 26

Correct Answer:
False
Explanation:
Secondary analysis include:

• the secondary analysis of data that have been collected by other researchers;
• the secondary analysis of data that have been collected by other organizations in the course of their business.

Question 27

Chapter 14. Secondary research data can only have been collected by governments.

T
True
F
False

Answer 27

False

Question 28

Chapter 14. Most secondary analysis data sets are low quality.

T
True
F
False

Answer 28

False

Question 29

Chapter 14. Which of the following is not an advantage
of secondary analysis?

A
Cost and time

B
More reliable results

C
High-quality data

D
Opportunity for cross-cultural analysis

Answer 29

B)

Question 30

Chapter 14. Outline two disadvantages of secondary analysis. Please select all that apply.

A
Lack of familiarity with data

B
Absence of key variables

C
Not as robust as primary analysis

D
Complexity of the data

Answer 30

A, B,D

Explanation:
Lack of familiarity with data. When you collect your own data, when the dataset is generated, it is hardly surprising that you are very familiar with the structure and contours of your data. However, with data collected by others, a period of familiarization is necessary. The period of familiarization can be quite substantial with large complex datasets and should not be underestimated. Complexity of the data. Some of the best-known data- sets that are employed for secondary analysis are very large in the sense of having large numbers of both respondents and variables. Some- times, the sheer volume of data can present problems with the management of the information at hand, and, again, a period of acclimatization may be required. Absence of key variables. Because secondary analysis entails the analysis of data collected by others for their own purposes, it may be that one or more key variables may not be present.

Question 31

Chapter 14. Cross-cultural analysis can be conducted using the official statistics of a particular country.

T
True
F
False

Answer 31

Correct Answer:
True
Explanation:
There is the prospect as well of cross-cultural analysis, since the official statistics from different nation-states can be compared for a specific area of activity.

Question 32

Chapter 14. Issues of validity and reliability are much less considerations for secondary as opposed to primary analysis.

T
True
F
False

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Chapter 14. Official statistics are not generally used for business research.

T
True
F
False
SUBMIT ANSWER

Answer 33

False

Question 34

Chapter 14. Most governments restrict the data they collect to researchers due to privacy and confidentiality concerns.

T
True
F
False

Answer 34

False

Question 35

Chapter 14. Meta-analysis is the study of big data online to reveal macro patterns into digital behaviour.

T
True
F
False

Answer 35

Correct Answer:
False
Explanation:
Meta-analysis involves summarizing the results of a large number of quantitative studies and conducting various analytical tests to show whether or not a particular variable has an effect.

Question 36

Chapter 14. The ecological fallacy is the error of assuming that inferences about individuals or organisations cannot be made from findings relating to aggregate data.

T
True
F
False

Answer 36

Correct Answer:
False
Explanation:
The ecological fallacy is the error of assuming that inferences about individuals or organizations can be made from findings relating to aggregate data.

Question 37

Chapter 14. An unobtrusive measure is any method of observation that directly removes the observer from the set of interactions or events being studied.

T
True
F
False

Answer 37

Correct Answer:
True
Explanation:
An unobtrusive measure is ‘any method of observation that directly removes the observer from the set of interactions or events being studied’ (Denzin 1970).

Question 38

Chapter 15. We generally only consider how we will analyse our quantitative data after we collect it, not before.

T
True
F
False

Answer 38

False

Question 39

Chapter 15. The size of your sample will impose limitations on the kinds of techniques you can use.

T
True
F
False

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Chapter 15. Missing data occur when questionnaires are not returned by the respondent.

T
True
F
False

Answer 40

Correct Answer:
False
Explanation:
Missing data arise when respondents fail to reply to a question—either by accident or because they do not want to answer the question.

Question 41

Chapter 15. Interval variables/ratio variables are variables where the distances between the categories are different across the range of categories.

T
True
F
False

Answer 41

Correct Answer:
False
Explanation:
Interval variables/ratio variables are variables where the distances between the categories are identical across the range of categories.

Question 42

Chapter 15. Ordinal variables are variables whose categories can be rank ordered but the distances between the categories are not equal across the range.

T
True
F
False

Answer 42

Correct Answer:
True
Explanation:
Ordinal variables are variables whose categories can be rank ordered (as in the case of interval/ratio variables) but the distances between the categories are not equal across the range.

Question 43

Chapter 15. Nominal variables comprise categories that can be rank ordered.

T
True
F
False

Answer 43

Correct Answer:
False
Explanation:
Nominal variables, also known as categorical variables, comprise categories that cannot be rank ordered.

Question 44

Chapter 15. Dichotomous variables contain data that have only two categories (for example, gender)

T
True
F
False

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Chapter 15. Univariate analysis refers to the analysis of more than one variable at a time.

T
True
F
False

Answer 45

Correct Answer:
False
Explanation:
Univariate analysis refers to the analysis of one variable at a time.

Question 46

Chapter 15. Which of the following is not a form of average recognised in quantitative data analysis?

A
Arithmetic

mean

B
Meridian

C
Median

D
Mode

Answer 46

Correct Answer:

B) Meridian

Question 47

Chapter 15. Bivariate analysis is concerned with the analysis of two variables at a time to uncover whether or not the two variables are related.

T
True
F
False

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Chapter 15. Pearson’s r is a method of examining relationships between nominal/ordinal variables.

T
True
F
False

Answer 48

Correct Answer:
False
Explanation:
Pearson’s r is a method for examining relationships between interval/ratio variables.

Question 49

Chapter 15. Multivariate analysis entails the analysis of three or more variables.

T
True
F
False

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Chapter 15. A spurious relationship exists when there appears to be a real relationship between two variables.

T
True
F
False

Answer 50

Correct Answer:
False
Explanation:
A spurious relationship exists when there appears to be a relationship between two variables, but the relationship is not real: it is being produced because each variable is itself related to a third variable.