Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio > 150 L final > Flashcards

150 L final Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

List the major sections of a formal scientific manuscript

A

methods, results, discussion, and introduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

main parts of the flow chart

A

exploration
testing ideas
community analysis and feedback
benefits and outcomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the entryway into the process of science?

A

exploration and discovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

t/f DNA barcoding is useful to identify how much (%) of a product is made up of a particular ingredient.

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the MAIN goals of an introduction to a scientific paper?

A

enable the reader to understand why the specific question/goal/aim of the study is important

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

scholarly literature

A

disseminate information, peer-reviewed, reliable but not always accessible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

non scholarly literature

A

want to make money, not as reliable, not peer reviews, more accessible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

primary literature (def)

A

original research that is communicated “first-hand” by the people who collected and analyzed the data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

primary literature (example)

A

journal articles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

secondary literature (def)

A

second hand summary, sometimes peer reviewed, lacks method section, ok for citing`

an expert summary or synthesis of someone else’s original research that is communicated “second-hand” by people who did NOT collect or analyze the original data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

secondary literature (example)

A

scientific books

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

tertiary literature (def)

A

‘third hand’ general background information, not written by experts and rarely peer reviewed, should be avoided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tertiary literature (example)

A

encyclopedia and textbooks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where and how to find scientific papers

A

scopus and jmu library

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Broad Background (Beginning but immediately follows hook)

A

larger issue at hand and most general background on this issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

advantages of SCOPUS

A

free access to scholarly articles, content is curated for accuracy and authority, information is stable, specialized subject specific databases for the topic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

specific background (middle)

A

specific organisms, system or technique being studied and why they are worth studying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

very specific question/goal/aim (end)

A

the precise issue that the study is going to tackle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hook (beginning)

A

argument or facts used to justify why anyone should care about the study. Used to appeal to the widest audience possible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

your question/aim/hypothesis

A

The proposed research would address this problem by making the first detailed examination of links between groundwater and concentrations of trace metals in avocados. We will test the hypothesis that heavy metal concentrations in groundwater affect their concentrations in avocados.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which of the following BEST describes the general structure of an introduction

A

A upside down pyramid that starts with a hook to get the audience interested and all of the following information helps the reader to understand the specific aim of the study and its importance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

CRAAP stands for?

A

Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

currency in CRAAP

A

how up to date something is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does peer-reviewed mean?

A

Other experts in the field have verified the integrity of the information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are scientific testable questions

A

addressed the issues/ questions using data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are non scientific testable questions

A

addresses issues/ questions using values, beliefs or judgements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is independent variable

A

variation does not depend on another variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

dependent variable

A

does depend on variation of independent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

control

A

designed to show change ( is not manipulated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

descriptive study

A

scientist is not testing a hypothesis; they are simply making observations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

non experimental study

A

variable is not manipulated and just gathering data to test a hypothesis, examine if there is a relationship between the two variables but not a casual relationship, hypothesis is tested

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which of the following is a major advantage of a subject specific database (like Scopus) over Google Scholar?

A

Scopus has better filters than Google Scholar to help narrow down your results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

This is a short summary of a scholarly article that will help you identify whether the article is relevant. This short summary will save you a lot of time, because you won’t have to read an entire article before discovering it is not relevant to your topic or interests.

A

abstract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which of the following best depicts the format of citations in the references section of the Ferrito et al. paper? Note: references are found at the end of the paper.

A

Author(s). (Year). Title. Journal, Vol. Pgs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which of the following best depicts the format for citations within the text of Ferrito et al.’s introduction?

A

Author(s) last name(s), Year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the 2 main things that citing your sources accomplishes?

A

Citing your sources establishes the source of facts that are stated in a paper and therefore the legitimacy (or illegitimacy) of these statements

Citing your sources provides readers with an “in-road” to the literature surrounding a particular topic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Which of the following statements is correct regarding in text citations in the Ferrito et al. paper?

A

In text citations are most often at the end of sentences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

According to the formatting used in the Ferrito et al. paper, which of the following is a properly formatted reference?

A

Kringle, K., Claus, S., & St. Nick, O. (2003). Evidence for the presence of Santa Claus in North American Chimneys. J North Pole Research, 270, 421-431.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

According to the formatting used in the Ferrito et al. paper, which of the following is a properly formatted citation?

A

Though difficult, there is mounting evidence that Santa is accessing North American homes via chimneys (Kringle, Claus, & St. Nick, 2003).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

experimental study

A

hypothesis tested, variable is manipulated to measure response of dependent variable, good at establishing casual relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what studies require independent and dependent variables?

A

experimental and non experimental studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

a non experimental study that does not determine causation

A

correlation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

pipettor parts

A

plunger, tip ejector, shaft, pipette tip

43
Q

how to use a pipette

A

vertical position
correct volume is middle to top volume range

44
Q

units used for pipetting

A

microliters

45
Q

why are there so many protocols for pipetting?

A

to avoid contamination

46
Q

C​urrency​

A

when was the information published?

47
Q

R​elevance

A

Is the information appropriately related to the topic you are interested in?

48
Q

A​uthority​

A

is there an author? What are their credentials and affiliations? Could they bebiased or have an agenda

49
Q

A​ccuracy​

A

are sources of the information cited? Is this fact or opinion?

50
Q

P​urpose

A

​Is this article clearly biased or trying to sell your something? What are theaffiliations of the source?

51
Q

empirical

A

it relies on measurements of the real world

52
Q

This is an enzyme whose function is to synthesize new DNA by attaching nucleotides that are complementary to a single strand of DNA.

A

DNA polymerase

53
Q

The building blocks of DNA are:

A

nucleotides

54
Q

Nucleotides are added to the growing DNA strand during the _________ phase

A

extension

55
Q

During the annealing step…

A

Primers bind to the newly separated DNA strand

56
Q

the following that is a necessary “ingredient” for a PCR to proceed.
Forward Primer

A

DNA polymerase

Reverse Primer

Template DNA

Nucleotides

57
Q

What primer set would be used to amplify each organism’s genome (Fungi,
Plant, Vertebrate)

A

fungi- ITS
plant- RncL
animal- MT-CO1

58
Q

A typical reaction would consist of:

A

15 µL PCR reactants
1 µL Primer Mix
12 µL H2O
+ 2 µL DNA extract

59
Q

what volume of PCR reactants would you add to your master mix if you wanted to amplify 6 samples?

A

105 microliters

60
Q

What volume of DNA extract would you add to your master mix before you distribute it to individual PCR tubes if you wanted to amplify 6 samples?

A

this doesnt go in the master mix

61
Q

This is the volume of master mix that will go into an individual PCR reaction tube (before any DNA is added)

A

28 microliters

62
Q

Which of the following would be a GOOD region of the genome to use for DNA barcoding?

A

a region that has lots of copies in the genome

63
Q

Why are the primers we use to DNA barcode often referred to as “universal” primers?

A

they work across a wide variety of taxa

64
Q

in the context of our labs, what does “bp” stand for?

A

base pairs

65
Q

What is NCBI Genbank?

A

One of the world’s largest DNA sequence Databases

66
Q

You want to develop primers for the blue and red regions of the following DNA template sequence:
5’-ATGCAATTGCAGTCGATTGCTCGATCGATCTTCGAAATTTCCCGAGCTTCGATCGC-3’
Which of the following is the appropriate Reverse Primer sequence?

A

5’-GCGATCGAAGCTCG-3’

67
Q

What would the resulting gel look like if your primers did not match a DNA sequence found in your organism or sample?
Correct!

A

there would be no bands

68
Q

Electrophoresis is used to:

A

-Separate DNA fragments

-Determine the size of DNA fragments

-Help determine the success of a PCR reaction

69
Q

The rate of migration of DNA within an agarose gel in the gel electrophoresis technique is primarily based on what factor?

A

the size of the DNA fragments

70
Q

Which of the following provides evidence that electric current is running through your gel (check all that apply)

A

-bubbles rise from the electrodes

-you can see the loading dye move from the well into the gel

71
Q

When two bands from two different samples line up on a gel this means

A

The samples share a fragment of DNA that is the same length

72
Q

Why do we run our H2O control (aka negative control) from our PCR reactions on the gel?

A

t enables you to tell if your PCR was contaminated by DNA that was not from your sample

73
Q

t/f You should be sure to include marker/ladder in each well of your gel

A

false

74
Q

Why do we dye our gels with intercalating agents like Gel Red dye or Ethydium bromide?

A

This dye stains the double stranded DNA in our gel

75
Q

To carry out Sanger sequencing, a mix is needed containing:
dideoxyribonucleotide (ddNTPs)

A

DNA polymerase

Primer

DNA template

four deoxyribonucleotides (A, T, C, G)

76
Q

The primer used in Sanger sequencing

A

has a nucleotide sequence complementary to the area that flanks the region you want to sequence

77
Q

What volume of PCR product goes into an individual sequencing tube?

A

8 ul

78
Q

t/f You should remove the rubber cap of the sequencing tube before injecting your sample DNA or primer.

A

false

79
Q

t/f You should use 2 sequential sequencing tubes for each sample that successfully amplified. One tube for a reverse read and one tube for a forward read.

A

true

80
Q

t/f You should be sure to put BOTH a forward AND reverse primer in EACH sequencing tube.

A

False

You only put a forward OR reverse primer in each tube

81
Q

What is the main goal of the “sequence viewer” substop?

A

visualize your sequence and determine if you have an accurate or inaccurate read

82
Q

What is the main goal of the “PHYLIP NJ” substop?

A

Creates a phylogenetic tree based on your DNA sequence(s)

83
Q

trace file

A

this depicts the raw results of automated sanger sequencing. typically include lots of colored humps that represent each nucleotide

84
Q

base call

A

the nucleotide at a given position in your DNA sequence according to the results of automated sanger sequencing

85
Q

phred score

A

a measure of the quality of the identification of the nucleobases generated by automated DNA sequencing

86
Q

consensus sequence

A

combination of trimmed forward and reverse DNA sequences that is typically more accurate than each sequence alone.

87
Q

accession number

A

unique identifier # given to each sequence in the blast database

88
Q

muscle

A

an alignment of multiple DNA sequences that allows you to visualize similarities and differences between the DNA sequences

89
Q

blast

A

basic local alignment search tool- used to find matching DNA sequences from a database

90
Q

Which of the following would you use to remove “bad calls” from your original sequence?

A

trim sequence

91
Q

A260:A280 ratio

A

1.8

92
Q

A260:A230 ratio

A

2-2.2

93
Q

ideal concentration for PCR

A

50-250 ng/ul

94
Q

wavelength dna is absorbed at

A

260

95
Q

3 basic steps of pcr

A

denature, anneal, extend

96
Q

anneal

A

temperature reduced to 55 and the PCR primer anneal/ base pair with the DNA template

97
Q

denature

A

heat is increase to 94 and the hydrogen bonds break so the two strands separate

98
Q

extend

A

heated up to 72. TAQ polymerase binds to the primers and new DNA begins to be synthesized

99
Q

PCR primers role in PCR reaction

A

PCRs will anneal to the template DNA and that will be the starting point for DNA replication. They also select the region of DNA that will be amplified

100
Q

DNA polymerase role in PCR reaction

A

A
an enzyme that can synthesize new DNA. TAQ polymerase is used because it can withstand the heat and allows us to perform repeated rounds of DNA replication

101
Q

what primers are needed for PCR reaction

A

A
forward and reverse

102
Q

dNTPs

A

A
monomers/ building blocks of DNA. DNA polymerase links dNTPs together into a new DNA strand

103
Q

A short branch length on a PHYLIP ML tree means:

A

species are closely related

104
Q

What numbers are associated with the concentration of DNA, salt contaminents, and protein contaminents

A

DNA: A260
SALT: A230
PROTEIN: A280

105
Q

list the 8 major levels of the Linnean taxonomic hierarchy

A

domain, kingdom,phylum,class,order, family,genus,species

106
Q

the typical size (bp) of a DNA barcode sequence

A

400–800 bp

Bio (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions