1.5 Terminology and Body Plan Flashcards
The study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history.
Etymology
Language that most anatomical terms are derived from
Greek and Latin
Person standing upright with the face directed forward, upper limbs to the sides, and palms of the hand facing forward.
Anatomical Position
Lying face upward
Supine
Lying face downward
Prone
What is the point of reference for anatomical structures
their position on the body not the position of the body compared to the earth.
Describe parts of the body relative to each other.
Directional Terms
3 parts of central region
Head, Neck, Trunk
Chest cavity where heart and lungs are located
Thorax
Contains organs such as the liver, stomach, and intestines
Abdomen
Contains the bladder and reproductive organs
Pelvis
Where does the two imaginary lines intersect when subdividing the abdomen into four quadrants
Navel
Four quadrants of the Abdomen
- Right-upper
- Left-upper
- Right-lower
- Left-lower
Nine regions of the abdomen
- Epigastric
- Right Hypochondriac
- Left Hypochondriac
- Umbilical
- Right Lumbar
- Left Lumbar
- Hypogastric
- Right Iliac
- Left Iliac
Parts of the upper limb
Arm, Forearm, wrist, hand
Where does the arm start and end?
Shoulder to elbow
Where does the forearm start and end?
Elbow to wrist
Parts of the lower limb
Thigh, leg, ankle, foot
Where does the thigh start and end?
Hip to knee
Where does the leg start and end?
Knee to ankle
Describing the body as having imaginary flat surfaces passing through it.
Planes
Use of Planes in anatomy and Physiology?
Divides or sections the body, making it possible to “look inside” and observe the body’s structures.
separates the body or a structure into right and left halves.
Sagittal Plane
Meaning of sagittal
“the flight of an arrow” and refers to the way the body would be split by an arrow passing anteriorly to posteriorly.
sagittal plane that passes through the midline of the body, dividing it into equal right and left halves.
Median Plane
runs parallel to the ground, dividing the body into superior and inferior portions.
Transverse (Horizontal) Plane
divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) halves.
Frontal (Coronal) Plane
cuts completely through an organ, similar to cutting a hot dog or banana into round pieces.
Transverse Section or Cross Section
is a cut along the length of the organ, similar to the cut along a hot dog bun.
Longitudinal Section
a cut that is made diagonally across the long axis
Oblique Section
Two types of Internal Cavity
Dorsal and Ventral
encloses the organs of the nervous system, the brain and spinal cord.
Dorsal Body Cavity
2 subdivisions of Dorsal Body Cavity
a. cranial cavity
b. Vertebral canal
Houses the brain (Subdivision of dorsal body cavity)
Cranial cavity
Houses spinal cord (Subdivision of dorsal body cavity)
Vertebral Canal
houses the vast majority of our internal organs
Ventral Body Cavity
Collective term for internal organs
Viscera
2 subdivisions of the ventral body cavity
Thoracic Cavity, Abdominopelvic cavity
more superior to the abdominopelvic cavity and houses primarily the heart and lungs, among other organs.
Thoracic Cavity
Sections of the thoracic cavity
Two Lateral Pleural Cavities, Medial Mediastinum
Each enclosing a lung, and is surrounded by the ribs
Two Lateral Pleural Cavities
Houses the heart and its major blood vessels, in addition to the thymus, trachea, and esophagus
Medial Mediastinum
is enclosed by abdominal muscles.
Abdominopelvic cavity
Where are the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity housed?
Peritoneal cavity
Sections of the abdominopelvic cavity
More superior abdominal cavity, more inferior pelvic cavity.
contains the majority of the digestive organs, such as the stomach, the intestines, and the liver, in addition to the spleen
abdominal cavity
continues below the pelvis and contains the urinary bladder, urethra, rectum of the large intestine, and reproductive organs
pelvic cavity
membranes that the walls of the body and the surface are in contact with
Serous membranes
Double layer of the serous membrane
Parietal and Visceral Serous membrane
Layer that lines the walls of the cavities
Parietal Serous Membrane
Layer covering the internal organs or the viscera.
Visceral Serous Membrane
Peri-, _______; cardi-, ______
Peri-, around; cardi-, heart
Contains the heart, housed in the mediastinum.
Pericardial Cavity
Name of the parietal serous membrane in the pericardial cavity
Parietal Pericardium
Name of the visceral serous membrane in the pericardial cavity
visceral pericardium
Space between two pericardial membrane
Pericardial Cavity
Fluid in the pericardial cavity
Pericardial fluid
Name of the parietal serous membrane in the pleural cavity
parietal pleura
Name of the visceral serous membrane covering the lungs
visceral pleura
Space between two pleural membrane
pleural cavity
Fluid in the pleural cavity
pleural fluid
peri-, _______; -tonos-, ________
peri-, around; -tonos-, stretched
houses many internal organs, such as the liver, the digestive organs, and the reproductive organs.
Peritoneal Cavity
Name the parietal serous membrane in the peritoneal cavity
Parietal peritoneum
Name the visceral serous membrane in the peritoneal cavity
Visceral peritoneum
Specific location of the peritoneal cavity?
Space between two serous membranes
regions of double-folded visceral peritoneum
Mesenteries
Fluid in the peritoneal cavity
peritoneal fluid
provide a pathway for nerves and blood vessels to reach the digestive organs.
Mesenteries
Conditions caused by inflammation of serous membranes
- Pericarditis
- Pleurisy
- Peritonitis
Inflammation of the pericardium
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pleura
Pleurisy
Inflammation of the peritoneum
Peritonitis
