1.2 Structural and Functional Organization of the Human Body Flashcards
Six levels of organization
- Chemical
- Cell
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ System
- Organism
Simplest level of organization in the human body
Atom
Involves how atoms, such as hydrogen and carbon, interact and combine into molecules
Chemical Level
What does a molecule’s structure determine?
It’s function
Give an example on how a molecule’s structure determine its function.
Collagen molecules are strong, ropelike fibers that give skin strength and stability.
Are the basic structural and functional unit of organisms
Cells (Cell Level)
Smaller structures inside the cell that carry out specific functions.
Organelles
Group of similar cells and materials surrounding them
Tissue (Tissue Level)
What does the characteristic of cells and surrounding material determine?
Determines the function of the tissue
Four primary types of tissue
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Composed of two or more tissue types that perform common functions
Organ (Organ Level)
Group or organs that perform a common function
Organ system (Organ System Level)
Number of major organ system
11
Any living thing considered as a whole, whether compose of one cell (Bacterium) or trillions (Humans)?
Organism (Organism Level)
Eleven Major Organ Systems
- Nervous
- Integumentary
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Muscular
- Skeletal
- Cardiovascular
- Lymphatic
- Endocrine
- Urinary
- Reproductive (Male and Female)
Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D.
Integumentary System
Integumentary system consists of?
Skin, hair, nails. sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
Provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and adipose tissue.
Skeletal
Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat.
Muscular system
Skeletal system consists of?
Bones, Associated Cartilages, ligaments , and joints
Muscular system consists of?
Muscles attached to connective tissue sheets or the skeleton by tendons.
A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions.
Nervous System
Nervous system consists of?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors
A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions.
Endocrine system
Endocrine system consists of?
Endocrine glands (Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, gonads, and other hormone secreting tissues.
Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body; plays a role in the immune response and the regulation of body temp.
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular system consists of?
Heart, blood vessels, and blood
Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs, dietary fats from the digestive tract.
Lymphatic system
Lymphatic system consists of?
Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, and other lymphatic tissues.
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH.
Respiratory System
Respiratory system consists of?
Lungs, diaphragm, and respiratory passages
Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes.
Digestive system
Digestive system consists of?
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, gall bladder, liver, intestines, and other accessory organs
Removes waste product from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance.
Urinary System
Urinary system consists of?
Kidney, ureters, urethra, and urinary bladder
Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for the newborn; produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors.
Female Reproductive System
Female Reproductive system consists of?
Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, and associated structures.
Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors.
Male Reproductive system
Male Reproductive system consists of?
Testes, accessory structures, ducts, and penis
