15 - Shoulder Joint Flashcards
Label the following diagram.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/991/794/q_image_thumb.jpg?1551191403)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/991/794/a_image_thumb.jpg?1551191397)
What are the three different joints of the scapula?
- Glenohumeral (shoulder)
- Acromioclavicular
- Scapulothoracic
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/991/799/a_image_thumb.png?1551191565)
What muscles insert and originate from the scapula coracoid process?
Insert: Pec minor and coracobrachialis
Origin: Short head biceps brachii
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/991/809/a_image_thumb.png?1551191690)
What are the important bony landmarks of the lateral surface of the scapula?
- Glenoid fossa: head of humerus articulates here with glenoid lavbrum
- Supraglenoid tubercle: site of origin of long head of biceps
- Infraglenoid tubercle: site of origin of long head triceps
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/991/857/a_image_thumb.png?1551191847)
Where is the anatomical neck of the humerus?
Between the head of the humerus and the tubercles
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/991/878/a_image_thumb.png?1551191909)
Label the different bony landmarks of the humerus.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/991/890/q_image_thumb.png?1551192040)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/991/890/a_image_thumb.png?1551191976)
How do fractured scapulas occur and what is the best way to treat them?
- Rare
- Severe chest trauma, e.g high speed road collisions, crushing injuries
- Tone of muscles surrounding holds fragments in place whilst healing occurs so no fixation needed
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/991/920/a_image_thumb.png?1551192244)
Label this AP x-ray of the shoulder joint.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/991/939/q_image_thumb.png?1551192332)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/991/939/a_image_thumb.png?1551192375)
What factors are responsible for the mobility and stability of the shoulder joint?
Mobility: (makes unstable)
- Shallow glenoid fossa
- Lax capsule
- Disproportion of articular surfaces
Stability:
- Muscles of rotator and others
- Ligaments
- Capsule
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/991/973/a_image_thumb.png?1551192480)
What is the function of the clavicle and where does it attach to?
- Attach upper limb to trunk as part of shoulder girdle
- Protect underlying neurovascular to upper limb
- Transmit force from upper limb to axial skeleton
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/991/993/a_image_thumb.png?1551192569)
Label the important bony landmarks of the clavicle and state what each end articulates with.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/992/011/q_image_thumb.png?1551192869)
- Long S bone
- Medial aspect convex anteriorly, lateral is concave
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/992/011/a_image_thumb.png?1551192791)
What is the coracoclavicular ligament?
TWO PARTS - suspending weight of upper limb from clavicle
- Conoid tubercle: conoid ligament, medial coracoclavicular ligament
- Trapezoid line: trapezoid ligament, lateral coracoclavicular ligament
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/992/041/a_image_thumb.png?1551193010)
What muscles and ligaments originate or insert onto the clavicle?
- Deltoid
- Trapezius
- Subclavis
- Pec maior
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Sternohyoid
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/992/048/a_image_thumb.jpg?1551194063)
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint and what makes it atypical?
- Plane type synovial
- Palpated 2-3cm medially from tip of shoulder
- Articular surface lined with fibrocartilage not hyaline
- Joint cavity partially divided by articular fibrocartilage disc
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/992/062/a_image_thumb.png?1551194171)
Where is the joint capsule of the acromioclavicular joint?
- Loose fibrous layer that gives rise to articular disc
- Lined internally by synovial membrane
- Posterior aspect of joint reinforced by trapezius fibres
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/992/078/a_image_thumb.png?1551194370)
What are the ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint?
Intrinsic: Acromioclavicular ligament superiorly
Extrinsic: Conoid and trapezoid ligament
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/992/099/a_image_thumb.png?1551194501)
What movement occurs at the acromioclavicular joint?
- Small degree of axial rotation and anteroposterior movement
- Passive movement as no muscles cross it
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
- Saddle type synovial
- Manubrium of sternum, clavicle and upper medial first costal cartilage
- Only attachment of upper limb to skeleton so strong
- Fibrocartilage lining not hyaline and articular disc*
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/992/106/a_image_thumb.png?1551194725)
Why is there an articular disc in the sternoclavicular joint?
Allows clavicle and manubrium to slide over each other more freeling allowing rotation in 3 axes rather than 2 like a normal saddle
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/992/108/a_image_thumb.png?1551194797)
What are the possible movements of the shoulder that require the sternoclavicular joint to move too?
- Elevation of shoulder joint (e.g shrugging shoulders or abducting arm over 90)
- Depression of shoulders
- Protraction/Retraction of shoulder
- Rotation (e.g arm over head)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/992/112/a_image_thumb.png?1551194923)
Label this diagram of the proximal humerus and state what passes through the intertubercular sulcus?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/992/114/q_image_thumb.jpg?1551195364)
- Tendon of the long head of biceps brachii
- Edges of the groove are know as the lips and different muscles insert onto them, see on diagram
A LADY BETWEEN TWO MAJORS
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/992/114/a_image_thumb.jpg?1551195267)
What is the danger of fracturing the surgical neck of the humerus?
- Blund trauma to shoulder from falling on outstretched hand
- Axillary nerve and circumflex humeral vessels in close proximity
- Nerve damage results in paralysis of deltoid and teres minor so hard to abduct limb. Will also have loss of sensation of regimental badge area over deltoid
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/992/117/a_image_thumb.png?1551195583)
What is being pointed to here on the humerus and what is it the landmark for?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/992/118/q_image_thumb.png?1551195663)
- Radial groove
- Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery lie in this groove
What muscles attach to the humeral shaft and where?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/992/122/q_image_thumb.png?1551195810)
Posteriorly: Lateral and medial head of triceps, with spiral groove between
Anteriorly: Corachobrachialis, deltoid, brachioradialis, brachialis
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/992/122/a_image_thumb.jpg?1551195806)
What defines whether a muscle is intrinsic or extrinsic in the shoulder?
Extrinsic: Originate from torso and insert onto bones of shoulder (humerus, clavicle, scapula)
Intrinsic: Originate from scapula and/or clavicle and insert onto the humerus
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/354/992/137/a_image_thumb.png?1551196011)