1.5 Products from oil Flashcards
What is the structure in which fractional distillation occurs in?
A fractionating column
What is the process of which all of the products are separated from crude oil?
Factional Distillation
What are the products of cracking?
Alkanes and alkenes
What is the name of the process that breaks down long-chain hydrocarbons into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons?
Cracking
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
What is the catalyst present when reacting ethene with steam to form ethanol?
Phosphoric acid
During fermentation, sugar is converted into what?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide
What is polymerisation?
When many small alkene molecules (monomers) join together to form polymers
Plastics are an example of what kind of polymers?
Synthetic polymers
What is added to a plastic bag to make it biodegradable?
Cornstarch
Are polymers saturated with single bonds or unsaturated with double bonds?
Saturated with single bonds.
Many polymers are not biodegradable, what does this mean?
That they are not broken down by microbes
What are many polymers made from?
Fossil fuels
What is the molecular formula for Ethanol?
C2H5OH (small numbers)
Why is Ethanol not a hydrocarbon?
Because it contains oxygen as well as hydrogen and carbon
Which two ways can you make Ethanol?
Fermentation of a sugar solution and the reaction of ethene with steam
What is a continuous process?
This means that reactants are constantly being put in at one end of the reaction vessel and products are constantly being taken out at the other end of the reaction vessel
What is a batch process?
This means the reaction vessel must be emptied and cleaned when the reaction is complete and then refilled with a new batch
What is the name of the process when seeds are crushed and then the crushed material is squeezed to form oil?
Pressing
How can oil that has been extracted by distillation be refined (made purer)?
By removing water and other impurities
An example of one fossil fuel?
Coal or Oil or Natural Gas
Where do Biodiesels come from?
Plants which have had their oil extracted
Why do chemist crack oil?
To get the more useful materials out of the oil
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n+2
Why is a catalyst used in cracking?
To provide the hydrocarbon gases for a convenient surface for the cracking to take place.
Why can polymers be difficult to dispose of?
They do not break down very easily.
What is formed when ethene reacts with steam?
Only ethanol
How do we know alkenes are unsaturated?
They have double bonds
