1.5 Population Policies

Question 1

Population policies

Answer 1

Some countries have population policies to either decrease or increase their population.

Question 2

Decrease population: China’s one-child policy

Answer 2

1. Introduction
   - started in 1979
   - country’s fertility rate was 5.7
   - would be fined up to 3000 if a family had a second child
2. Policies
   - first child is died or disabled
   - living in rural area
   - multiple births
3. Evaluation
   - fertility rate dropped from 5.7 in 1960 to 1.5 in 2010
   - high dependency ratio - lack of working population to support old dependents
   - narrowing gender imbalance
   - forced abortions often happened

Question 3

Increase population: Germany’s pro-natal population policy

Answer 3

1. Introduction
   - fertility rate 1.38 in 2012
   - young unable to support aging population
2. Encouragement
   - free education
   - more immigration
   - paid maternity leave
   - paid parental leave
   - not tax for families who have more than one child
3. Evaluation
   - not very effective
   - fertility rate 1.54 in 2021
   - rewards are given but no punishment