1.2 Over-population And Under-populaion

Question 1

Overpopulation

Answer 1

Too much population of an area causing depletion of resources.

Question 2

Underpopulation

Answer 2

When a country’s population has declined too much that it cannot support its economic system.

Question 3

Problems of overpopulation

Answer 3

1. Unemployment
2. Pressure on healthcare and education services
3. Shortage of housing
4. Traffic congestion
5. Inflation because of excess demand
6. Shortage of food and clean water
7. Noise, air and water pollution
8. Diseases can spread easily

Question 4

Problems of underpopulation

Answer 4

1. Shortage of workers
2. Less people paying taxes
3. Healthcare and education services shut down because of lack of customers
4. Less innovation and development
5. Hard to defend country
6. Have to attract migrants

Question 5

Case study: Overpopulation - Nigeria

Answer 5

1. Introduction
   - 175 million people in 2013
   - over 60% living on less than $1 per day
   - occupies 3% of Africa but 15% of its population
2. Reasons
   - human: most people cannot afford to move out
   - physical: children help their parents with the works in agricultural activities
3. Effects
   - not enough housing in Kano
   - polluted air and water in Port Harcourt
   - shortage of food and water in Yola
   - high crime rates in Jos
   - not enough healthcare and education services in Ibadan
   - congested roads in Lagos
4. Solutions
   - the government introduced control solutions and there is some slowdown in the birth rate

Question 6

Case study: Underpopulation - Australia

Answer 6

1. Introduction
   - area is 7.69 million km2
   - population is 23 million in 2013
   - the 7th most underpopulated country in the world
   - rich in resources like iron ore, coal, gold, copper…
2. Causes
   - most of the land is made up of deserts
   - maximum temperature of 48ºC is not suitable for people
   - few have migrated to Australia than the other nations
3. Effects
   - shortage of food and production
   - shortage of labors
   - impossible to exploit all the resources in the country
   - fewer people paying taxes
   - healthcare and education services shut down because there are not enough people supporting them
   - hard to defend the country
4. Solutions
   - the government had made it easier for migrants to come
   - improved healthcare and medical services